查看完整版本: 【推荐】如何在新托福口语考试中做笔记（by Jack翟少成）

Ajax_wxy 2007-12-30 11:45

【推荐】如何在新托福口语考试中做笔记（by Jack翟少成）

[font=宋体][size=15pt]如何在新托福口语考试中做笔记[/size][/font][size=15pt][/size]
0}zvMUQKw [font=华文楷体][font=Times New Roman]翟少成[/font][/font]C2T[#^E-C
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,V%A#?D$I2iy [font=宋体][size=12pt]众所周知，为了模拟北美大学课堂的学术气氛和学生在校园生活的方方面面，新托福考试的口语部分首次允许考生做课堂笔记（笔记考完要上交，但笔记不算分）、并要求考生能够发表自己的意见和看法，而且必须具备对教授推荐的参考书写出读书报告、阐明自己观点的能力以及其他处理校园生活中可能遇到的各种情况的能力。本文拟对新托福口语考试（包括独立口语任务和综合口语任务）中如何做笔记的问题做深人地分析和探讨。[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
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[b][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Note-taking in the Independent Task[/font][/size][/b]
1s[CQ Tbw)r e [font=宋体][size=12pt]该部分要求考生就某一自己熟悉的话题阐述自己的观点。一类问题是自由回答间题（[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Free-choice Response[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]），如：[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]If you could have any job in the world, what would it be? Use details to support your. response[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]；另一类是选择类问题（[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Paired-choice Response[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]），如：[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Do you like to try new kinds of food or eat the same kind of food all the time? Use details and examples to support your response,[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]准备时间为[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]15[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒，回答问题时间为[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]45[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒。问题会被朗读出来，且同时出现在屏幕上。考生可以不用理会电脑的朗读，迅速阅读完问题。这样可以争取大概[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]5[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒，那么在这大约[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]20[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒内，考生可在草稿纸上迅速记下自己所要表达的关键信息。这里记笔记的方法为“[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]TST[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]表格”。[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]TST ( Topic-Supporting ideas--Transitions[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）意思是考生须在草稿纸上用一到两个词写下欲表达的[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Topic[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]（主题），[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Supporting ideas[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]（分论点）和[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Transitions[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]（信号词）。下面试举一例：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
1rQZ~k [size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size] H,?%b1D+u!\c
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Question[/size][/b][size=12pt]:[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]5wW-k IS8y&R A(G'i
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]Where would you want to be professionally in ten years? Use details to support your response.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]0ZbI CU
[font=宋体][size=12pt]考生应迅速在纸上写下[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]“[/size][size=12pt]own bus...”[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=12pt]、[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]“[/size][size=12pt]master”[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=12pt]、[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]“[/size][size=12pt]work com...”[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=12pt]、[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]“[/size][size=12pt]start”[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=12pt]等信息见以下[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]TST( Topic—Supporting ideas—Transitions )[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]表格。[/size][/font]
[9EQF-E$C8o2_ [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]Topic statement:
$Uo+@9k/Ca [b]own bus... [/b](I would like to own my own business) Supporting ideas: j'wB1Wa
( How I will work toward owning my business)[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
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[b]master [/b](Will get master's in business )[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align] PR5b8a_ h{\F}
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]*!S&LD?5x&Vr^K,us
[b]work com... [/b](Will work in company while planning my business)[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
*L!z`W b2MM8Um b+K [align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]*.@&ECX0Oj
[b]start [/b](Will start my own business when I am ready) [/font][/size][/align]?] I_~ x7n
[align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Transitions: [b]10 next because 3 within 10 y [/b]([/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]可用[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]y[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]代替[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt] years)[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
p7h-R,V'mfDF [align=left][b][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][/b][/align]?J^+IdI)I
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Sample Answer[/size][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]1P Y!}K;tYE^
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt][b]In [/b][/size][size=12pt]ten years I would like to win an import business of my own. Next year, I will be starting a master's program in business with a specialization in entrepreneurship. I will be getting this degree because I hope to start my own business and make it successful some day. After I finish my master's degree three years from now, I will most likely take a position in another company for a few years to make some money and to spend some time planning my own business. Within ten years, I hope to own my own company and be on the way to making it a success.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]6H+oGp8lJ }n-I
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]再举一例：[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
&E9I3K ]-d(g [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Question:[/size][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
+Ew xU8b{ [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]Sometimes students have to write papers. Sometimes they have to give oral presentations. Which activity do you think is better for students, and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
uJ4oc/k'z [align=left][font=宋体][size=12pt]考生应迅速在纸上写下[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]“[/size][size=12pt]pap”[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=12pt]、[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]“[/size][size=12pt]strong read write exams”[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=12pt]、[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]“[/size][size=12pt]more time think deeply”[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=12pt]等信息。见以下[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]TST( Topic—Supporting ideas—Transitions )[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]表格：[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]:[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
s OFNX ] [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]Topic: [b]pap [/b](writing papers is better for students) Supporting ideas: (Why writing papers is better)[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
^5d{}(X iN c [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]* [b]strong read write exams [/b](need strong writing skills for reading and writing and prepare for exams)[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]Q'D _!@{ p[
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]* [b]more time think deeply
'p[-W ?8s2rJ+Q R [/b](show understanding for more time to explain and think deeply)[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
1X#H PL[^3A [size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Transitions: [b]firstly because, so also[/b][/font][/size]
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an _#t"fl [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Sample Answer[/size][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
~EX2v~Q+P [align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]I think writing papers is better for students. Firstly we need to develop strong writing skills. We go to school mainly to learn reading and writing, so we need a lot of practice. Examinations require a lot of writing, so writing papers is good reparation. Also, I think writing is a better way to show that I understand. When I write a paper, I can think deeply because I have more time to explain my ideas.[/font][/size][/align]1@"qZ OcVs%t2w~
[b][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][/b]
g.e5BJeqA r [font=宋体][size=12pt]为了给读者更多机会练习使用“[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]TST[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]表格”，特提供一下[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]6[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]个问题供大家练习。[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
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*Z3U1\\ o+y m [b][font=宋体][size=12pt]补充练习：[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b]
:c7h7dx2T [l [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]1.
3l#l.dCUI&h]g Describe a place that you consider to be beautiful. Explain why certain qualities of this place make it beautiful. Include details and examples to support your explanation.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align] i1D D[D[f M
[align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]2. Some people relax by staying home. Others relax by going out. Which type of relaxation is better for your and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.[/font][/size][font=Arial][size=12pt]-[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][/align]
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Describe an occasion when you were surprised. What happened to you, and why did you feel surprised? Include details and examples in your explanation.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
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Some students prepare for tests by studying alone. Others prepare for tests by studying with other students or a tutor. Which study method do you think is better, and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]Lhf(`/]!VZh
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]5.What type of home would you like to live in? Describe the characteristics of such a home and explain why you would like to live there. Include details and examples in your explanation.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]&ZW \ zU'Me
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]6. Some people exercise early in the morning. Others exercise in the afternoon or evening. Which time of day do you think is better for exercising and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]XSB(xJY zC }
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[align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Note-taking in the Integrated Tasks[/size][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]o df7F WC%M.kI
[font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]1. Reading[/size][/b][b][size=12pt]—Listening—Speaking[/size][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font]
P bQ)AZ tuh [font=宋体][size=12pt]第[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]题和第[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]4[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]题以试题中的阅读和听力材料为基础，要求考生回答相关问题。即[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Reading[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]－[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Listening[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]－[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Speaking[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]，具体步骤是首先要求考生在[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]45[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒内阅读一篇短文，一般只含一个段落，随后短文隐去，播放一段与短文相关的对话或课堂演讲，其长度大约为[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]分半钟（比[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]listening section[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]中的材料篇幅要短）。最后，要求考生根据先前阅读的短文和所听到的材料回答相关问题，考生有[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]30[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒钟的准备时间，然后进行[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]60[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒钟的回答。而第[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]5[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]题和第[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]6[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]题要求考生先听一段听力材料，然后回答相关问题。即[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Listening-Speaking,[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]听力材料通常有一段是情景对话，另一段是课堂演讲，其长度大约为[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]分半钟。[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]"l0c1H)YV@,\ _4Z
[font=宋体][size=12pt]考生有[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]20[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒钟的准备时间，之后进行[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]60[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒钟的回答。在综合口语任务里，你所需要记笔记的内容就是在读短文和听材料的过程中记下材料中的“[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]main points[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]”、“[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]examples[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]”、“[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]reasons[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]”等等。．而是否能很快识别“信号词”（[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Signal Words[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）成为其中的关键。“信号词”（[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Signal Words[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]或[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Transitions[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）是我们用来“追踪”说话人的思路的词汇，它就像“路标”一样指引着旅行者的方向。有了信号词，我们就知道说话人何时要举例子，何时要下结论，何时要解释原因等等。[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
D7j9P0q1d QX:f [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]
;k;b}+i#|2qF:z,e:r 1[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）信号词[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
_l/r4F1C}m5pK [size=16pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]信号词的分类[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
4I!T&xOx'l}9@0Zg [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]D |go oX.}X6\E
[table][tr][td=1,1,108][align=center][font=宋体][size=15pt]种类[/size][/font][size=15pt][/size][/align]NJ1T&O/{B4yO5I4r
[/td][td=1,1,216][align=center][font=宋体][size=15pt]例词[/size][/font][size=15pt][/size][/align]
7a^fGR] K(IZ;f3p%p [/td][td=1,1,372][align=center][font=宋体][size=15pt]所表达的含义[/size][/font][size=15pt][/size][/align]
K6tx2?K+jvb[ [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,108][align=center][font=宋体][size=12pt]时间顺序[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][/align]
Vl9` I5S O [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Time-[/font][/b][/size][/align]
v-p,{ R?6Y_ jX [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Sequence[/font][/b][/size][/align]
V#}_A$ZMQ'U [/td][td=1,1,216][align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]first, later, next, finally, before, after, now, previously, last, then, when, immediately, formerly, subsequently, presently, initially, ultimately meanwhile[/font][/b][/size][/align]a9pE*nx:j5|o
[/td][td=1,1,372][font=宋体][size=12pt]说话人想按时间顺序叙述事件[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]6k:y+M4k!e!vZ,I/L
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,108][align=center][font=宋体][size=12pt]举例[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][/align] H ldty3W.Q1xPz
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Example[/font][/b][/size][/align]
Va*A,]_,v'D [/td][td=1,1,216][align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]for example, such as,[/font][/b][/size][/align]6k1TV zB:ec
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]for instance, illustrate[/font][/b][/size][/align]
;L#CI9[N3C [/td][td=1,1,372][font=宋体][size=12pt]举例子说明：[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman])et$B-Y$D*{sX
Black English used to be considered simply poor English until linguists realized that the so-called errors were actually consistent alternative grammatical forms, some of which originated in African linguistic patterns. [b]For example, [/b]the word "be" in standard English is primarily used as part of the infinitive "to be." But in Black English, "be" can also be used to indicate a repeated action or existential state (Labov, 1972).[/font][/b][/size]
~3@z/`3D2@'W/gE [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,108][align=center][font=宋体][size=12pt]列举[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][/align]
4m'aO*x kc)r4A"i [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Enumeration[/font][/b][/size][/align]
Wy-L8i3CL8vKS [/td][td=1,1,216][align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]and, too, finally, furthermore, first(ly), second, third, last, [/font][/b][/size][/align]y|!M;_m6m,|7nP
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]another, next[/font][/b][/size][/align]e`~s"|d*Mw:k3|*D
[/td][td=1,1,372][font=宋体][size=12pt]说话人罗列观点（有时想暗示各观点不同的重要性[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt][b] ): [b]Firstly,[/b] I would like to talk about classical music and its representative composers. [b]Next[/b] I would like to talk about Jazz music and some influential albums in the history of Jazz. [b]Finally, [/b]I will move on to pop music in the last century.[/b][/size][size=3]~ d8WMse4k b
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Sl\y F3sMoP+P:jd [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,108][align=center][font=宋体][size=12pt]补充[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][/align]
@P:v3PN1\"\4\;] [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Continuation[/font][/b][/size][/align]'{;~i9` G!u9nL
[/td][td=1,1,216][align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]also, in addition, and, [/font][/b][/size][/align]0rg"tb(qy
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]further, another, as well as[/font][/b][/size][/align]
(P+Fa%^!L+f [/td][td=1,1,372][font=宋体][size=12pt]说话人在继续讨论同一话题，并欲补充更多的信息[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]:
-Ygz#V`"z%r A computer is often called a [/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]“[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]thinking machine,[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]”[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman] and in many ways it is just that. Computers perform difficult and timesaving mathematical computations,[b] as well as[/b] problems in logic and reasoning. [b]In addition,[/b] computers run other machines and answer questions. [b]Also,[/b] they are used to guide astronauts on take-off.[/font][/b][/size]
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P@9?)~d`w~ [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,108][align=center][font=宋体][size=12pt]比较或反差[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][/align]2@4t:G0H)p-j \;k P7j
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Comparison or Contrast[/font][/b][/size][/align]UBG/PEv'?8| e:zb1ldT
[/td][td=1,1,216][font=宋体][size=12pt]比较类[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]like, likewise, as, similarly, at the same time,[/font][/b][/size]%? j;p+`v
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]as well as, both, all,[/font][/b][/size][/align]
Dt9yE1EyOSz:Y [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]in comparison,[/font][/b][/size][/align]OrPRgP]Gb)d
[font=宋体][size=12pt]反差类[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman] on the other hand,[/font][/b][/size]
N&}4dEd veKE9t [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]in contrast, despite,[/font][/b][/size][/align]
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[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]rather, notwithstanding,[/font][/b][/size][/align]
A*X)z,L b6T)w'z9G+Q,i [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]though, regardless, unlike,[/font][/b][/size][/align]
9wS$ZB'p [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]although, even though,[/font][/b][/size][/align]
mi asq [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]whereas but, in spite of,[/font][/b][/size][/align]K'V`6zg2H
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]on the contrary, however,[/font][/b][/size][/align]
r0FGC.u4J [/td][td=1,1,372][font=宋体][size=12pt]说话人想说出一个与之前的观点相同，不甚相同甚至是相反的观点：[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]The sex of the instructor affected the extent of active student participation. In classes taught by men with roughly equal proportions of male and female students, male students were responsible for about 75% of all class discussion. Similarly, with women as instructors, female student participation rose from 25% to 42%; in contrast, male participation slipped from 75% to 58%.[/font][/b][/size]
%B"Xa%g$z1|F8R%b[ [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,108][align=center][font=宋体][size=12pt]强调[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][/align]};IuJ9jM;X"S
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Emphasis[/font][/b][/size][/align]-QhW![6R*["O}dh
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8Cv/{:eD^+v [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]most, above all, [/font][/b][/size][/align]R%kEOD jv%f
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]especially valuable, [/font][/b][/size][/align]Uf j7Z;a"_&U
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]a central issue, [/font][/b][/size][/align]X(m(X&uTH;yR p2t
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]especially relevant, [/font][/b][/size][/align]V@$L*oW
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]should be noted, [/font][/b][/size][/align];W8if[5I#e3~*bxb
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]the most substantial issue, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
[i#kws%V#T M [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]remember that, a major event,[/font][/b][/size][/align]
G`L J P'w!w1n [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]the principal item, [/font][/b][/size][/align]i/X$e B2p e2y[#oS
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]pay particular attention to, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
0z kL+wy [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]the chief factor, most of all, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
,q,B.?w$q+}V#X| [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]a significant factor, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
#uqp g)J9tg [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]a primary concern, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
,yEr(Zlh U)SJ pf [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]a key feature, the main value[/font][/b][/size][/align]
;pe0L z2|0~ [/td][td=1,1,372][font=宋体][size=12pt]说话人想说出最重要最核心的内容，说话人用这些词引起听众的注意[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]:1_;]E'E,b |2FG;l)Sh"P
Although the resources of our world are limited, the wants of people are not.[b] Indeed, one of the most important[/b] assumptions of economics is that the total human wants can never be satisfied. No matter how much we have, we seem to want more. As people's income increase, so does their desire for more and better goods and services.[/font][/b][/size]
4a2{@O8e[i [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,108][align=center][font=宋体][size=12pt]因果[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][/align] Jf}Ic|
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Cause-Effect[/font][/b][/size][/align]|7?k5LA
[/td][td=1,1,216][align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]because, accordingly, [/font][/b][/size][/align].} o2q.rP-dZ
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]for this reason, hence, [/font][/b][/size][/align],C:TI:I|
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]resulting, as a result, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
w U{Sa.c9T [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]so, then, thus, therefore, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
e"W#{ bWj0]^ o? [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]since, consequently[/font][/b][/size][/align]%g%p/IW0Oh*OT
[/td][td=1,1,372][font=宋体][size=12pt]说话人欲表现两个或多个事物之间的联系[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman],[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]尤其是它们之间的因果关系[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]: Atherosclerosis is the[b] result[/b] of the buildup of fat, fibrin, parts of dead cells, and calcium on the inside of the arteries. No one knows what [b]causes[/b] this disease, but a number of things can speed its development. These include smoking cigarettes and eating animal fat and cholesterol. Others include age, hypertension, diabetes, stress, heredity, and sex (males have more heart attacks).[/font][/b][/size];u.LC*y*W9aX0O*f
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]`.bhB%fS Z
[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,108][align=center][font=宋体][size=12pt]总结[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][/align]
"\p-hc i nr? [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Summary[/font][/b][/size][/align]
)~Gy@_oB [/td][td=1,1,216][align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]thus, in short, to conclude,[/font][/b][/size][/align]a/Z@#mGk/D
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]in brief, in the end, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
0k@%fe*W@ [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]in summary, to reiterate, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
R-w1cg8DH Qq_i [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]in conclusion, to sum up,[/font][/b][/size][/align]8k0sgv V4WQ6fy
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]finally, therefore, thus,[/font][/b][/size][/align]0yKb%kt
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]as already stated[/font][/b][/size][/align]U QY ^#\i"d9}%V)eb
[/td][td=1,1,372][font=宋体][size=12pt]说话人欲复述或总结之前的话语：[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Euthanasia is defined as mercy killing, either by the sick people themselves or by their relatives or close friends. One controversial doctor is a strong proponent of this act: Dr. Jack Krevorkian. Dr. Krevorkian has publicly admitted to giving assistance to people who have committed suicide. [b]As a result,[/b] he has been called a saint by some, a murderer by others.[/font][/b][/size]
%~u$bq/SS+J6VN [/td][/tr][tr][td=1,1,108][align=center][font=宋体][size=12pt]定义[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][/align] Zq%rV6hg iqF-B
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Definition[/font][/b][/size][/align]
{d Z-@2iv(@ [/td][td=1,1,216][align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]define, is defined as, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
"lF}Gta [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]known as, that is, [/font][/b][/size][/align]
4EN@Kt;mrX/L'Z [align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]the term means, we mean, [/font][/b][/size][/align]}Kh8U.Dk
[align=center][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]we can state, we refer to[/font][/b][/size][/align]2hHlB0K
[/td][td=1,1,372][font=宋体][size=12pt]说话人欲给术语下定义：[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Our country has been obsessed with youth for far too many years. Age has been [b]defined[/b] only as a decline from a peak of youth. Age is a fate worse than death. Negative stereotypes of older people are reinforced daily in the popular media, which contain very few examples of anyone 60 or older doing anything active or dynamic in society.[/font][/b][/size] w? W^H9y4vYO-~
[/td][/tr][/table][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]5d%Q0L#r,c
[size=16pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]信号词识别练习[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]E]q#l+]
[font=宋体][size=12pt]为了让大家具有迅速识别信号词的能力，提供以下两则练习，大家做这两则练习时关键要在尽量短的时间内完成。[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
$t6F\+Qx:t"c [font=宋体][size=12pt]将下表中的信号词添人适当的横线中[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]8Pv,?0Rm5C
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]for example
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most significant[/font][/b][/size]
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in addition
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such as[/font][/b][/size]
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for example
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[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Emphasis ____________________________________________________________[/font][/b][/size]&p;\n5c"y o\q2B
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Addition (Continuation)_________________________________________________[/font][/b][/size] Z6G$sme*p*O1U7xu
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Comparison __________________________________________________________[/font][/b][/size]
MHjX*W*HBs5U;J.O [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Contrast_____________________________________________________________[/font][/b][/size]
1S,@G8[q'n [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Illustration (Example)__________________________________________________[/font][/b][/size]
/T/K%{Yz9S [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
o^f4U4j%|I{[a [font=宋体][size=12pt]请大家尽快划出下列短文中的信号词。短文后的数字暗示该短文中信号词的数量。[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]G9\Eg R"E0?6OO,e"{
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*One of the most persistent desires of human beings has been to indulge in mood-hanging and pleasure-giving practices. For instance, diverse cultures have engaged in the drinking of alcoholic beverages of all descriptions. But as with most pleasure, overindulgence can be harmful to oneself and others. Also, not everyone agrees that drinking or using other mood modifiers should be an accepted pleasure. [/font][/b][/size]
3u5iEB P/S [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman](4 signal words)[/font][/b][/size]3bN2X%|J}So*?
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]* Energy is used to cause chemical changes. For example, a chemical change occurs in the electroplating of metals when electrical energy is passed through a salt solution in which the metal is submerged. A chemical change also occurs when radiant energy from the sun is utilized by plants in the process of photosynthesis. Moreover, as we say, a chemical change occurs when heat causes mercuric oxide to decompose. Chemical changes are often used to produce energy rather than new substances. The heat or thrust generated during the combustion of fuels is more important than the products formed. (5 signal words)[/font][/b][/size]F9]0`e.Q*Y#XV
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]* But even those pre-agricultural people who had fairly stationary living sites did not develop in civilizing ways comparable to the farmers. Agriculture probably required a far greater discipline than did any form of food collecting. Seeds had to be planted at certain seasons, some protection had to be given to the growing plants and animals, harvests had to be reaped. stored, and divided. Thus we might argue that it was neither leisure time nor a sedentary existence that produced great changes in human culture. The cause was rather the more rigorous demands associated with an agricultural way of life. Humanity was changing plants and animals to suit its needs, and living in close relation with plants and animals was changing humans way of life. [/font][/b][/size]E5Y1qTd#U'O\;P
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman](9 signal words)[/font][/b][/size]yON.N2b
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
ZH%?0ua [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）在阅读（[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Reading[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）短文时做笔记[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]x SywD2OU
[font=宋体][size=12pt]在第[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]和第[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]4[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]题中你会碰到两篇阅读短文，你所需要记笔记的内容就是在读短文的过程中记下材料中的“[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]main point[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]”以及“[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]examples[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]”和“[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]reasons[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]”等等。切忌写下过多的细节，或为了记笔记而忽略了中心思想。见下例（注意加黑处的信号词）：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]L^%|T-i
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
g&PSeqf+_n [align=center][b][font=Arial][size=12pt]Isaac Asimov[/size][/font][/b][font=Arial][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
4q:kA;S"q;WI(hH [size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size]ilw9K7z7?"[
[size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Isaac Asimov (1920-1992) was an amazing author who wrote an astounding amount of material on an even more astounding variety of subjects. His literary studies included line-by-line analyses of all of the play of Shakespeare; his historical research included works on the history of Greece, the Roman Empire, England, and France; he [b][i]also [/i][/b]wrote well-researched tomes on physics, chemistry, and astronomy. What he is most likely [b][i]best known [/i][/b]for today, [b][i]however, [/i][/b]is science fiction: his [i]Foundation [/i]series on a galactic empire inspired by Gibbon's [i]Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire [/i]and the / [i]Robot [/i]series about a future society where humans and robots coexist. [b][i]In total, [/i][/b]Asimov wrote more than 500 books on this wide variety of subjects.[/font][/size]4J/Nm0}:u
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
J"h k)Js1x I;w [font=宋体][size=12pt]从信号词我们知道：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
~)_n0WE8o&m*p? [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size];A(p Q&p3Hx,u
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]TOPIC OF READING PASSAGE: [/size][/b][size=12pt]author Isaac Asimov[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
^s3n V+CCJ3^ z9w [align=left][b][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Main points about Asimov[/font][/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]：[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align](Y\]X\ bm4m QC z
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]* wrote a huge amount of material (more than 500 books);[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
3D1S Lu'h4D8o2H+O [size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]*wrote on a wide variety of topics (literary analysis, history, physics, chemistry, astronomy, science fiction)[/font][/size]
T]7yJLh g._ [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size] zN!ON(I
[font=宋体][size=12pt]以下是两篇阅读短文，请迅速识别出其信号词，并做出笔记：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
.GE k,BXaR:jC;nc [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
&vv.MN d^h ^ [align=center][b][font=Arial][size=12pt]The Dead Sea[/size][/font][/b][font=Arial][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]T8`]WL/be6Z
[align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][/align])kmeJ:A@,m#e
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]The Middle Eastern body of water called Bahr Lut in Arabic is known as the Dead Sea in English. This body of water is said to be "dead" not because it is the dried-out remnant to survive in it. The Dead Sea is a landlocked body of water with the Jordan River as its source and no outlet. Its high salt content, which results from the rapid evaporation due to the area s extremely high temperatures, makes it the saltiest body of water on Earth.[/size][font=Arial][size=12pt][/size][/font][/font][/align]/i:TRP@l,H
[align=center][b][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Polling[/font][/size][/b][/align]~s;P6D.@#[
[align=center][b][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][/b][/align]
&S4we)R/lI/f [align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Polling is, of course, a survey of certain people to find out how they feel about an issue or about a candidate for a government post in an election. Polling involves, simply, asking people how they feel about an issue or a person and them tallying the results. When it is not feasible to contact everyone involved to find out what each person thinks because there are, for example, too many people to contact each one individually, then a representative sample of people can be polled and the results of the representative sample can be attributed to the population as a whole.[/font][/size][/align])u\ } U/qg;F
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]o `5`"zw'~]c
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）在听对话或讲座时做笔记（[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Listening[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
*Fe6X-w!e [font=宋体][size=12pt]在听讲座或对话时，你需要关注主要观点（[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]major points[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）以及为了支撑其观点所使用的例子（[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]examples[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）和原因（[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]causes[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
#};ZH KZ d [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
U4YH7H.Wo'Q:m [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Listening Passage:[/size][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
P6T3AUOy [size=12pt][font=Times New Roman](Professor): Now I'm sure you're all wondering how Asimov managed to write so much. Well, the simple answer's that he did almost nothing except writing because that's what he was driven to do.[/font][/size]
i%G Sf_b [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]Asimov's normal routine was to spend time, a lot of time, writing every day. He usually got up at 6 o'clock in the morning; he was at work writing by 7:30 in the morning, and he wrote until 10 o'clock in the evening. That's a lot of time to spend writing. This desire to spend so much time writing prompted Asimov himself to say "Writing is my only interest. Even speaking is an interruption."[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
$gta-A/ab4t8I| [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]TOPIC OF LISTENING PASSAGE[/size][/b][size=12pt]: how Asimov wrote so much [/size][/font][/align]
J S~+[Kz7F [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Main points about topic:[/size][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/font][/align].?of a!X0~5zW
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]* Asimov wrote from 7: 30 in the morning to 10 o'clock in the evening.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]a7CN r D~
[size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]* Asimov said,O A eIKdY bI)a
"Writing is my only interest."[/font][/size]%i a/b ?L6rR:BO
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
A(l(F6D1O;h [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]4[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）整合笔记，最终开口（[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Speaking[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]）[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
*v#zJ(^6B)u K$U [font=宋体][size=12pt]以上我们讨论过如何在读文章和听材料时做笔记，现在我们已经拥有两[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
$W#C@ hS _!X [font=宋体][size=12pt]份笔记，可以开始答题了，不过答题以前，需要明确以下几点：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size] zrodu{L jG
[size=16pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]你的准备时间为[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]30[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒，回答时间为[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]分钟，回答须同时包括所听的材料和所读文章中的信息；[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
7w.E"Dv7u${ YB,@ [size=16pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]在答题时不要涉及个人观点，不要说例如“[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]I think[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]”之类的话。你的回答应该仅仅跟所读的文章和所听的材料有关。[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
hj{7?)uY G,B [size=16pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]在[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Reading-Listening-Speaking[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]部分中，可能会问你以下几个向题：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
c3e_p C Vq [font=华文楷体][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]复述对话中所涉及到的一个观点[/font][/b][/size][/font]
+^CMTv6c| A ^ [font=华文楷体][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]总结说话人得出某个观点的原因[/font][/b][/size][/font]5WI^O cf
[font=华文楷体][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]描述听力材料中教挽谈及的问题[/font][/b][/size][/font]
r0i[I.B yb0V [font=华文楷体][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]解释听力材料与阅读材料的联系[/font][/b][/size][/font]
s#Iu4W @ [size=16pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]此部分的评分标准[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]M%TP&E)m/] V
[font=华文楷体][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]听力和阅读材料中提炼出相关信息[/font][/b][/size][/font] d1cJW q!j8EH
[font=华文楷体][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]用听力和阅读材料中的适当细节和观点答题[/font][/b][/size][/font]3[P6{?oW1I5`@
[font=华文楷体][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]观点表达前后连贯一致[/font][/b][/size][/font]v7d {UAY
[font=华文楷体][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]表达清晰易懂[/font][/b][/size][/font]3[w ?M^"g
[size=16pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]在[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]30[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒钟的准备时间中，请务必仔细阅读问题的题干，听完材料后查阅[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
v(u.t)@sfb [font=宋体][size=12pt]阅读材料和听力材料的笔记，提炼主要观点和说出支撑论点的[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]～[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]个分论点。[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]6{ct!G7O;y2_EeL
[size=16pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]回答时间为[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]分钟，时间应该完全够用。语速适中，切记不要着急，请留意时间，你有[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]20[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]秒来展开每一个分论点。[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
S Fm,BX:lp [size=16pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]表达必须连贯一致，符合逻辑顺序，适当使用[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]Signal Words, [/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]如下：[/size][/font][size=16pt][/size]Q/MyR~KH5X
[size=16pt][b][font=Times New Roman]*[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]如欲介绍两个材料中的主要观点：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]rpyi8J w7`
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]The man's opinion is that...[/font][/b][/size]L5G P `XM1bl c
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]The woman believes that...[/font][/b][/size]-LL*I:Q(G
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]According to the lecture...[/font][/b][/size]2jD*o)n8U U4p
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]The professor made the point that...[/font][/b][/size]Y$G4LRA+D
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]The reading states that...[/font][/b][/size]
w Q:k;Cu%A2~;d [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
Y"K/PG8v6{ [font=宋体][size=12pt]请看以下例子：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]1e&]4O] _ b1n!k
[font=宋体][size=12pt]例[/size][/font][size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][/b][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]：[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][b][i][size=12pt]Reading[/size][/i][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font]
Soc#r-G8D;p a [align=center][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]FUNGI AND PLANT DISEASE[/size][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]6[4Za `$g}3n
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]Of all the organisms responsible for diseases in plants, fungi cause the most problems. Although a fungus is technically a small plant, it cannot make its own food and therefore survives by being a parasite-living off other plant hosts. A common fungus, southern blight, affects many vegetables, including tomatoes and potatoes. It appears as a fuzzy white growth on the plant's stem near soil level. When the plant is infected with the blight, it wilts and then dies. The fungus may spread to the soil, where it can survive for years.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]$Gs^W0j8r D p-v U
[align=left][i][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][/i][/align]
*a{8Jsz-K_ [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][i][size=12pt]Listening [b]and [/b]Speaking[/size][/i][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/font][/align]
M/b)Q\ \ Jo:t [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Narrator) Now listen to part of a lecture in a botany class.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
$d _l `I8u/e2G&gNn [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Professor)[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]nI~&Q/L8wr
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]Of all the organisms responsible for diseases in plants, fungi cause the most problems. Although a fungus is technically a small plant, it cannot make its own food and therefore survives by being a parasite-living off other plant hosts. A common fungus, southern blight, affects many vegetables, including tomatoes and potatoes. It appears as a fuzzy white growth on the plant' s stem near soil level. When the plant is infected with the blight, it wilts and then dies. The fungus may spread to the soil, where it can survive for years. Because a fungus can survive for years in soil, the best way to control such a disease is to remove and destroy the infected plants, as well as six centimeters of soil around them. Avoid spreading disease by washing off your tools and your shoes when you go from an infected area to a healthy part of your garden. At the end of the gardening season, do a complete cleanup.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
\ gw nv!Q*W [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]You can also keep disease away by rotating crops. Crop rotation can be effective in preventing soil-borne disease, especially when the disease is caused by a fungus that likes specific plants. For example, the fungus that causes southern blight is attracted to tomatoes. Once this fungus is present, it will thrive in the soil from year to year, attacking the tomato plants.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
?5MT(I,k%i [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]With crop rotation, you don't grow the same plant in the same place for at least three consecutive years. So, for example, if you grow tomatoes one year, the next year you shouldn't plant tomatoes in the same place. By planting something else the second and third years, any tomato-loving fungus that survived the winter wouldn't have any tomato plants to feed on. With three years between planting tomatoes, the fungus will die off from lack of a host plant.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
K~\ x+R\*H9o [align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][/align]
n)te.Q a(xhZ [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Question [/size][/b][size=12pt](Narrator)[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
V~].g-k?^ [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]Explain ways that a gardener can control plant disease caused by a fungus, and explain why these methods work.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align] ~+^&_ RJ*|-E5SF
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][i][size=12pt](Preparation Time : 30 seconds [/size][/i][size=12pt]; [i]Response Time: 60 seconds [/i])[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
5~TQy%z#]T1s1Q [align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][/align]0{;^s o/B-vbT @8Q"t
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]Here are two notes that two students took during the sample lecture. Add other words and phrases that you think are important to remember about the lecture.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align][$O T ?)n2G9`{
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][i][size=12pt]Student [/size][/i][/b][i][size=12pt]1[/size][/i][/font][i][font=Arial][size=12pt]6E(`F tO;C q9i8E*r
[/size][/font][/i][font=Times New Roman][b][i][size=12pt]Student [/size][/i][/b][i][size=12pt]2[/size][/i][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]+Y R:W1u4sGBir.bR
[align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]fungus, soil, years[/font][/size][font=Arial][size=12pt]
m8lBfg5A"z [/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]control fungus[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align] s(y)?8uTO4a|
[align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]destroy plants, soil around[/font][/size][font=Arial][size=12pt]x b8EzgI
9@DE'}U~

s+Bc(@1e5@BK;| [/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]remove 6 cm soil[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
'G9NewoY0T9Q5F [align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]wash tools, shoes[/font][/size][font=Arial][size=12pt]'dijw `:xF
Gz1z(w l Z.[xh
/Vn/{ed,R$A{{
[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]crop rotation[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
(u#Cd;@s2w~I;}Y [align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]specific, tomato blight[/font][/size][font=Arial][size=12pt]
F?)hM~ d1r [/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]fungus cause disease[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]o:M.`W7e
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]crop rotation[/size][size=12pt]—[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=12pt]
-E9T&M:G X!K V [/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]soil-year to year[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
%KupGd5{2v [size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]tomatoes[/font][/size][font=Arial][size=12pt]
5?+K6})Kfom [/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]3 years[/font][/size]
fE'AS v [align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]don't plant same place[/font][/size][font=Arial][size=12pt]
hV f7{ ^]*h
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#hiI@Hg [/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]1 tomato[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align] uzk(o#jOe
[align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]sev. yrs betw.[/font][/size][font=Arial][size=12pt]'uQb_JO)n

X#IST,N+yF [/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]2 other plants[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
"\m6ze\ [align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]fungus die off[/font][/size][font=Arial][size=12pt]!z3D6n#nD@ ?
[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]fungus die, lack host[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
C}5nr1O;wjg [align=left][b][i][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][/i][/b][/align]
P _-Onc.c [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][i][size=12pt]Response by Student 1[/size][/i][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
CUOhH [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]A gardener can control plant disease caused by a fungus. One way is to[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
)A3s7L~2@ ol [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]destroy sick plants and also destroy the soil around plants. This method works because a fungus lives in the soil. Another way is to wash tools and shoes. This will avoid spreading the disease. Another way is to use crop rotation for a tomato blight. Don't plant tomatoes in the same place every year. This method works because the fungus will die off. The reason is there are no tomato plants to eat.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
z.n(\AX/ka} [align=left][b][i][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][/i][/b][/align] ?+G7K c-}'l4tO({
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][i][size=12pt]Response by Student 2[/size][/i][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
4Vl9fD[nT2]FOb)E [size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]A fungus kills plants because it lives in the soil. You can control fungus by removing infected plants and six centimeters of the soil. Also, crop rotation can control plant disease caused by a fungus. The fungus lives in soil year to year, so crop rotation is three years. For example, plant tomatoes in the first year. In the second and third year, plant other plants. Crop rotation causes the fungus to die because it lacks a host plant.[/font][/size]
6Jy&mhe$D,bi [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
y;@2gs ^ \+t`0Q [font=宋体][size=12pt]点评：两位学生都较圆满地完成了任务，不但提供了两个材料中的相关信息发展观点时也使用了适当的细节，而且表达前后连贯一致。听完这个材料后你所做的笔记应该类似于下面的文字：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size] wR2k G8I} `d
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
gY6{Q2o$A [align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]例[/size][/font][/b][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt] 2: [i]Listening [/i][/size][/b][size=12pt](Woman) Hi, Brett.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
HgRc*R \d [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Man) Hi, Karen.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]W%\WHM/A$o
[align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman](Woman) You don't look too happy, Brett. Is anything the matter?[/font][/size][/align]I| h:?|:F%` zC?
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Man) You can tell I' m upset just by looking at me?[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]K*w C)Jg_1i8w
[align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman](Woman) Yeah, it's pretty obvious. You want to tell me what's bothering you? [/font][/size][/align]
} IN C0W0[LT/F [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Man) Well, it's that I m having trouble in my economics class, and I just talked to the professor. She didn't seem too sympathetic.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
#m&P PU w$N [size=12pt][font=Times New Roman](Woman) She didn't ? What's the problem?[/font][/size]
)dd/w*V/wyX [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Man) Well, it's that I'm on the baseball team.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
|+R$C8n+v&z1Ok9J6N [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Woman) I know. I've seen you play. But what does that have to do with your economics class?[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]W~+SQXGxv
[align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman](Man) It's the away games. That's the problem. The away games are all on the weekend, but usually when we' re traveling to another school for a weekend game, we leave on Friday. The team bus usually leaves about noon on Friday.[/font][/size][/align]
V7SV0u$bv [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Woman) And that has something to do with your economics class?[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
FHV*E^Dv [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Man) Yeah, my economics class meets on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, in the afternoon![/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
)EC([dj$a-B1f [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Woman) I see. So you miss your economics class once in a while on Friday afternoons?[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
ulIJa xd`Q2m [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Man) Not just once in a while. It's been every Friday for the last four weeks.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]-cZ f [lh3V
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Woman) And you talked to your economics professor about this?[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
&PvQ?5sDE3?!Ku [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Man) Yes, I did. And I told her why I missed class on Fridays.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]@F6vS%[
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Woman) But she wasn't very sympathetic you said.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
)s6N i/l'v| [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Man) She wasn't sympathetic at all.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
cBMI%dl [align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt](Woman) I think that's because you've missed so many classes... Listen, have you thought about switching to a different section of the class? I think there's another section of the same class on Tuesdays and Thursdays.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
b l:p d+blM.^9J [size=12pt][font=Times New Roman](Man) I hadn't thought about that. Maybe that would be something to consider, since my professor's not at all happy that I miss class so much.[/font][/size])g#g$Xc Zf
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]#JSx F vF;m$o7h0M s
[font=宋体][size=12pt]听完了这个材料后你所做的笔记应该类似于下面的文字：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
p6GAZ8d} [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]TOPIC OF LISTENING PASSAGE: [/size][/b][size=12pt]problem man is having with economics class[/size][/font][/align]
7y P(^ A!CkAw [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Main points about problem:[/size][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/font][/align]+k5kYg/o
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]* Man is missing economics class on Fridays because he is on the baseball team.[/size][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]
5]A a:ItMh [align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]* Woman suggests changing to a different section of economics class that does not meet on Fridays.[/font][/size][/align]%?Vn2P,S8{A
[size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]x lo@5R1N
[font=宋体][size=12pt]这道题的问题如下：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]8CVQ"v%c4u7r&T!y
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Question[/size][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align])lh0[-S#N5A|
[size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]How does the woman react to the man's problem?[/font][/size]
wUz#HejR [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size] x;P4s*c:K`*M!R2c
[font=宋体][size=12pt]用以上的笔记，很容易回答这个问题，别忘了使用一些信号词来组织自[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size] b_5Q'yk
[font=宋体][size=12pt]己的回答：[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
CtA vb-l [size=12pt][b][font=Times New Roman][/font][/b][/size]
bkD#a3]M7[fv B E [align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Sample Answer[/size][/b][size=12pt][/size][/font][/align]8Qu]7s4p,_
[align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]In this listening passage, two students discuss a problem the man has with his economics class. First, the man explains that he has the problem that he is missing his economics class on Fridays because he is on the baseball team and he travels to away games on Fridays. Then after the woman understands this problem, she suggests that he change to a different section[/size][size=12pt] [color=black]of economics class, one that does not meet on Fridays.[/color][/size][/font][/align]
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-P;YLp*\uc8X;Dx [b][font=宋体][size=12pt]备考建议[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b]^[pv{9s6b
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9f;p9R\(x;\[Tq,A [font=宋体][size=12pt]笔记准备：平时多听、多看大学讲座、纪录片和英语新闻，边听边做笔记，尽量抓住材料的主题。[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size]
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heqiongsophie 2007-12-31 18:20

It is very useful
Ae/zQ1_8|9yR/W Thank lz:)

唇男 2008-1-1 22:40

超级好用

那是相当的useful

灵缇 2008-1-8 11:07

多谢

正在找  方法呢  
[-R _&c"rv oOm)Y)j5Y 正是及时雨啊:victory:

bobovip 2008-1-14 19:49

thanks

yvetty97 2008-1-29 22:39

谢咯  实用的很

woaibama819 2008-1-30 20:50

好东西

miaoyu2 2008-2-10 01:17

quite useful! thanks!

云上小竹 2008-3-23 14:27

还是觉得写的赶不上听的速度

半月霜天 2008-3-23 17:58

回复 9# 的帖子

用符号、图形代替笔记中的一些文字，只记录重点

llj 2008-3-30 08:24

受益非浅:victory:

happyclaire012 2008-4-8 23:23

super good

走聪明 2008-4-10 01:31

晕   正需要      请允许我拜谢

icecake 2008-4-19 19:01

实用啊~~~

charlene1990725 2008-4-30 10:34

谢谢

我有个问题：Topic: pap (writing papers is better for students) Supporting ideas: (Why writing papers is better)
3N&Y-e"{pwx8H 那在考试时记笔记  连括号类的东西也要写吗〉？

半月霜天 2008-4-30 17:54

回复 15# 的帖子

把Supporting ideas写一写就行，不过考前最好准备一份思维框架
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