nemo 2008-1-16 13:44
翻译长句难点
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b] _
B7}aZP
There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts [/b][/size][/color][/font]
O.m az@(W&xB
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]%K t9Z5_!B
peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques [/b][/size][/color][/font]!_"^9u @
s@ `
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
VvRsm
appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.[/b][/size][/color][/font]dx4L.Q2{s V] `
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【结构分析】根据句子结构和语意分析，这个句子可分成[/font][font=Times New Roman]5[/font][font=宋体]段：主句（[/font][font=Times New Roman]There is [/font][/b][/size][/color]
%K){,M9L Xw
w
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman]
7yx:n#Q~+I:\
no[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman].[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]+[/font][font=宋体]从句（[/font][font=Times New Roman]whether[/font][font=宋体]…）[/font][font=Times New Roman]+[/font][font=宋体]后置定语（[/font][font=Times New Roman]peculiar to[/font][font=宋体]…）[/font][font=Times New Roman]+[/font][font=宋体]选择性并列从句（[/font][font=Times New Roman]or[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman].[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]+[/font][font=宋体]后置定语（[/font][font=Times New Roman]appropriate [/font][/b][/size][/color]S)N ck1T
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman]i_ u)B7q&x
k(ne`
to[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman].[/font][font=宋体]）。从语意上讲，主句讲的是结果，从句说的是细节。根据汉语的表达习惯，译文的表达顺序正好与原文相反。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
(r9S(^W G*m
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【参考译文】方法论是指一般的历史研究中特有的概念，还是指历史研究中各个具体领域适用的研究方法，人们对此意见不一。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/b][/size][/color])T h"lwF8]
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]%Y%~0q;fP'H cD
For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and [/b][/size][/color][/font]
g9l(J.qHLDY9I
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
9I#h3y;}$j.n
thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have [/b][/size][/color][/font]
Nx3n(P4Nz
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b] YZ0q1g y$B
been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.[/b][/size][/color][/font]
p]9s X"A
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【结构分析】这句话长达[/font][font=Times New Roman]31[/font][font=宋体]个单词。从结构上讲，它是主句[/font][font=Times New Roman](they do not[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman])+[/font][font=宋体]并列谓语[/font][font=Times New Roman](and thus do [/font][/b][/size][/color] Js-c g:er7T
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman]
)D/| x$hYT
not[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman])+[/font][font=宋体]宾语从句[/font][font=Times New Roman](how able an underprivileged youngster might[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman])+[/font][font=宋体]条件状语从句[/font][font=Times New Roman](had [/font][/b][/size][/color]0R4OI-n#O!U#N
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman]
P'[#Y
K
A,^1@,s:o
he[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman])[/font][font=宋体]；从语义上讲，它有四层意思：[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]不能…[/font][font=Times New Roman]..[/font][font=宋体]因此…[/font][font=Times New Roman]..[/font][font=宋体]不能会有多大的才干…[/font][font=Times New Roman]..[/font][font=宋体]如果…[/font][font=Times New Roman]."[/font][font=宋体]。根据对这个句子的结构分析和语意分析，我们可以把它切分成四个小段：[/font][/b][/size][/color]:c\f6f EV3G
VL(Q
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]#m6|;?3@:m/g/q E
For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / [/b][/size][/color][/font]
}
{'bY1Tj6o*?
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b] { }%Q~ep q-?Ql^
and thus do not tell / how able an underprivileged youngster might [/b][/size][/color][/font]
%^ J9Ce a LLDR5u:Yk
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]:s J3` Q
h Gy1{
have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.[/b][/size][/color][/font]~-a^@tD&f:PA
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]由于每一小段包含一个意群，切分后我们就可以试译为：[/font][/b][/size][/color]
P&Zf |@8w1K.I*rj
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]例如，它们不能弥补巨大的社会不公，因此不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人会有多大才干，如果他在较好的环境中长大。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
9~.M4N6u/Z\
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]上海道正认为这样的译文可以说已经很清楚，汉语也基本过得去，但仔细检查一下，我们仍然发现汉语表达中还有英语的影子，那就是表示条件[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]如果…[/font][font=Times New Roman]."[/font][font=宋体]放在句子最后不大符合汉语的表达习惯，因此上海道正建议可以调整为[/font][/b][/size][/color]Co)Z9p}5@i
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【参考译文】例如[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大的才干。[/font][/b][/size][/color] {&G4H QS%}*W B)VQ
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]4@-B-|+B/]8g'Is
Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current [/b][/size][/color][/font]^ A.N6R!z hl6_f
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]4IW/D'Ijp w
events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and [/b][/size][/color][/font]
J CU$M(Y
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
4F2snQ[;E0j(SEb
politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both [/b][/size][/color][/font]
,@z3R0dR#N)R'}G
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]$h y{S I*vL^I o;T
instructive entertaining.[/b][/size][/color][/font]
C CO K3}:U M(f@y
Z?
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【结构分析】从句主语带有三个并列的谓语[/font][font=Times New Roman]keeps[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman], allows[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman], and offers[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/b][/size][/color]3p Jn+Ke6S
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]构成一个三项并列结构，第二个三项中又各有一小的二项并列结构。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
'Z4gg4R u-A
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【参考译文】人们常说，电视使人们了解最近发生的大事，[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]使人跟上最新科学和政治的发展，并向人们提供无终止的既有教育意义又有娱乐性的节目。[/font][/b][/size][/color]B/WG k:WG\1iQ
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]/a!d+zb1nh1PA'?.Z
You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of [/b][/size][/color][/font]
n"tG$fa?5a|X
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]%? sS8f o
induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, [/b][/size][/color][/font]
_2C5Iln
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
#H%U9V"H,a+j#\
in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural [/b][/size][/color][/font]8m;H Uw I
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
:au6Al,Ht*_'m
laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, [/b][/size][/color][/font]&W(J6U)BW} G,c&Z O
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]8?)C"k^)u Bd _fe
they build up their theories.[/b][/size][/color][/font]
y]8V/}`5`4m
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【机构分析】如能看出此句所涉及的并列结构…[/font][font=Times New Roman] that [/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman], that[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman] , and that[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman], [/font][/b][/size][/color] CZ8r`X@8a#B%I.y d
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]即可以说解决了此句的关键疑难点。因此，遇到长句如能查看一下是否有并列结构很重要。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
AH+{ s.w0a5k \j`
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【参考译文】人们常说过，科学家使基于归纳法和演绎法工作，借助于这些方法，在某种意义上说，设法从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后根据这些规律，用他们自己特殊的技能逐步建立起自己的理论。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
y4v S:Z[|w
ArwYN
@
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]n*J jd3dCb
From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the [/b][/size][/color][/font] a(Pciz$j/K
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
&m @~,[j[I
past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to [/b][/size][/color][/font]*Cwk%iga)w ]
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]"_ P[7n1l*l5D ys
total inaction.[/b][/size][/color][/font]
w:{ }%? w1[,@ V
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【结构分析】本句在词序上是倒装，顺过来应为：[/font][font=Times New Roman]"We have, unfort5unately, in the past [/font][/b][/size][/color]
9F m n5t.w;K
P
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]wMe nGAV%m
proceeded form agreement on this general goal to disagreement on [/b][/size][/color][/font]!T-Kj![Q
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman]
O+X@!ywK
specific goals and from there to total inaction."[/font][font=宋体]句中的[/font][font=Times New Roman]there[/font][font=宋体]指[/font][font=Times New Roman]agreement [/font][/b][/size][/color]
/?5S&ih3?;Zc:z
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman]yu8d+mz+M
on general goal[/font][font=宋体]。[/font][/b][/size][/color] d$K0o1MH'h
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【参考译文】遗憾的是，在过去我们已经从总目标的一致发展到在目标上的分歧，并且从有所作为到无所作为。[/font][/b][/size][/color]0g~'D _,i f:G!{
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
}2_/Z W
q A
Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer [/b][/size][/color][/font]p y5L)WM4ZT.F
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
$^ g2y3d'pD
necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer [/b][/size][/color][/font]
)qc Y$N'z5M7E/n
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
z"HFd0U#@v
automatically women.[/b][/size][/color][/font]
"py,Qh+}
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【结构分析】这里句子结构实际上是[/font][font=Times New Roman]Just as[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman]., so[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman].., [/font][/b][/size][/color]
c.f*O XE5c-Q
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]译为[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]正如…[/font][font=Times New Roman]..[/font][font=宋体]，……也一样[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]。从上述我们可以看出，翻译中的关键在于缩小两种语言的结构上的差距，如果能将差距缩小到最小限度，那么翻译就小，这本身就证明了这点。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
I v tV1c[1n#JQ/k
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【参考译文】正如所有的卡车司机和建筑工人不一定都是男的，所有的秘书和接待员也不一定都是女的。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
i'g6L li$@k
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]jX;p8T
aW f
Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of [/b][/size][/color][/font](c~3P J d"mn
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
5V(L4fY_$}Q\
great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved [/b][/size][/color][/font]7}Y ]
Jg5u*e
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b],E
jFp9WS0rn ]
techniques and tools.[/b][/size][/color][/font]WOkVJ i"PL
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【结构分析】此句中的主要结构涉及[/font][font=Times New Roman]not so much[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman]as[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]的固定表达，意为：[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]与其说…[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]…不如说…[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
c9}+w `po
J BN
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【参考译文】一些新学派科学家说，科学的发展与其说起源于伟大天才的真知灼见不如说是由于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的事物。[/font][/b][/size][/color]h^NAx'SfD
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
T h*n3k4g
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external [/b][/size][/color][/font]
q(_*f;S+ab'G+]9w
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
A a,A,n D
B;I*M Vvi
challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline [/b][/size][/color][/font]4WG8c9[ ? AH
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
7o\5|V5A ?
and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.[/b][/size][/color][/font]
YaWs M+R
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【结构分析】本句的结构是：[/font][font=Times New Roman]Interest---has arisen less through---and more from---[/font][/b][/size][/color]Ewl S*N5\ cs1[d
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【参考译文】人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/b][/size][/color]Q d3Y ay op
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]"u2dX0^ ea,MX
This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it [/b][/size][/color][/font]
k#_6__?)NU!_C
l
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
)FEr*z3c,{!~
difficult to combine agriculture in the high-energy American fashion [/b][/size][/color][/font] v.I4Hi~8y
A7Fn
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b] v:X"e
f5YK
that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.[/b][/size][/color][/font]
(O'A(@;G0xQ6J
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【结构分析】本句中，[/font][font=Times New Roman]since[/font][font=宋体]引导的原因状语从句，其中，[/font][font=Times New Roman]to combine agriculture---[/font][font=宋体]是[/font][font=Times New Roman]will [/font][/b][/size][/color]
hk+V(K3N O+v
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman]j"q \h*m1Q~u/L)l
make[/font][font=宋体]的宾语，[/font][font=Times New Roman]it[/font][font=宋体]是形式宾语；而[/font][font=Times New Roman]to combine few---[/font][font=宋体]也是宾语，它作[/font][font=Times New Roman]makes[/font][font=宋体]的宾语，[/font][font=Times New Roman]makes[/font][font=宋体]后面的[/font][font=Times New Roman]it[/font][font=宋体]也是形式宾语。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
:B!H9Z W ~QtE Z
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【参考译文】这种困境是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国的耕作方式继续下去，而这种耕作方式使投入极少数农民可获得高产成为可能。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
}k9WUs2v
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]{_3AP/z/H1g aH
It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the [/b][/size][/color][/font]i t_n |$t
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
/p L {/z7Pci o L
other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of [/b][/size][/color][/font]
8N\&W,_AM
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
2aS-]8lq/i
working but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course [/b][/size][/color][/font]Fk5`}Vr0d
[font=Times New Roman][color=blue][size=4][b]
L B O6S4Pf!{C {n-d@
)o
Phs@$y1e\
much more accurate in its measurement than the former.[/b][/size][/color][/font]0k
v;d$@ [:j"w;o
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【结构分析】本句结构复杂：从整体来看，这是一个[/font][font=Times New Roman] "not---but---" [/font][/b][/size][/color] HX KX b\&m
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]的结构，译为[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]不是…而是…[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]。根据上下文我们知道，在[/font][font=Times New Roman]not[/font][font=宋体]后面的[/font][font=Times New Roman]that[/font][font=宋体]从句中，[/font][font=Times New Roman]scales [/font][/b][/size][/color]1^T yIn8t)KY M4W
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]指代[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]面包师或屠夫使用的磅秤[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]，而[/font][font=Times New Roman]balance[/font][font=宋体]指代[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]化学家使用的天平[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]。在[/font][font=Times New Roman]but[/font][font=宋体]后面的[/font][font=Times New Roman]that[/font][font=宋体]从句中，有一个比较级结构[/font][font=Times New Roman]"---much [/font][/b][/size][/color]/?%w.XQ5n mQ5W"Z
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman]%e-h6^ Q C)Un"}t
A
5x"y5P,Q
b-o#L.|
finer --- much more --- than --- "[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]其中，[/font][font=Times New Roman]the latter[/font][font=宋体]指代[/font][font=Times New Roman]balance[/font][font=宋体]，而[/font][font=Times New Roman]the [/font][/b][/size][/color]
w
O$G i,F!d&x1g1W
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman]
m d7A%`9t
former[/font][font=宋体]指代[/font][font=Times New Roman]scales[/font][font=宋体]。[/font][/b][/size][/color]4[C@p;]jX6G
[color=blue][size=4][b][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]【参考译文】这并不是说面包师或买肉者所使用的磅秤和化学家所使用的天平在构造原理和工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者师一种更精密的装置，因而在计量上必然更准确得多。[/font][/b][/size][/color]
doyouknow 2008-1-17 04:19
。。。。。。
» 翻译长句难点