查看完整版本: 如何做好听力笔记和综合写作

如何做好听力笔记和综合写作

[b]综合写作[/b]应试策略(综述推荐）——：

[b]阅读笔记：[/b]

[size=2]用中文记下主题，用中文记的好处在于可以最大程度避免照搬阅读中出现的词汇和句子，因为这样分数会很低。
总结材料中几个支持性的细节或例子，并用简单英语记录。
重要细节名词一定要记录下来，并且准确拼写，同时还要标出序号，用于听力。
做到边念，边记，边预测。经验证明，一般阅读默念，既可以非常好的认识阅读材料的结构和主要支持细节，又可以很好提醒自己一些关键性词汇的发音，以便在听力时大大降低听觉压力。
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[b]听力笔记：[/b]

[size=2]首先判断听力材料的主题，用中文最简单的方式记录下来。因为在听力时，你基本没有时间用英文记录，而且使用英语记录会有另一个问题，就是由于这些简短的记录，会使意义模糊不清，而且碰到不会写的词会影响心情。
一些重要的细节性名词，在听力和阅读材料中都会出现。阅读时要准确记录，这样听力时用箭头直接指代，非常省时。
好笔记的标准：
在听完或读完，可以根据自己的笔记把刚才听到或读到的材料复述出来。

[/size][b]实例演练：[/b]
   
   [size=2]A reason for the worldwide use of English language is its use throughout the Commonwealth, which includes a quarter of the world's people in one-sixth of the world's land area. All of forty-nine member states have at some time been under British rule. In some of them English is the first language; others, with several different languages of their own, find English the most convenient means of communication except for small-scale business. Today the Commonwealth is a loose association of independent sovereign states, nearly all of them members of the United Nations, scattered among the continents and their adjacent islands. British rule still continue in a few groups of islands, all but one of them too small in population to be independent states but preferring to continue the British connection rather than to attach themselves to any neighboring states. The only one with more than 30000 people is Hong Kong with nearly six million. It cannot become independent because it's mainland section part of China, but had been held by British on a ninety-nine year lease which expired in 1997.
     The transformation of the British Empire into a " Commonwealth" of independent nations began, in part, in 1867 with the establishment of Canada as a fully self-governing country, still associated with Britain. Australia and New Zealand followed. With all these, full power was transferred, with agreement on both sides, to the representative institution of people mostly descended from emigrants from Britain, though part of Canada was French.
     The new Commonwealth began in 1947, when India and Pakistan became fully independent. India's membership of the Commonwealth was not affected by its decision three years later to become a republic. All the major colonial territories, in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, had become independent within twenty years. (294 words)

笔记：
Co (缩写Commonwealth 段子第一句就说这个词)

1/4人    1/6土 （对第一句后半句的分句用数字和汉字精炼记下）

49国 英管 （出现数字要特别记录，因为小细节容易忘又容易考）

松散   联合   独立国 （几个词翻译上面那句话）

人少  不独立  英管  （三个中文词翻译整句话）

HK 6m （million)

回归  不独立  （两个词把硕大句子简化）

改革1867 CA独立 （三个词串起来就是：英联邦改革，1867年开始，那年加拿大独立。数字和国名要多留意）

奥新接   （三个字清楚表达了句子的意思）

双方同意，CA有法  (加拿大保留了一部分法语地区）

新 1947 印巴独立

留英3年后 RE (后半句3年是个信息点）

亚非拉20年独立

（利用常识记录，历史课上老师都有讲过。遇到段子里有自己熟悉的材料，一定要结合自己的实际知识，这样会倍感轻松。）


下面两个段子尝试来做笔记。在iBT中，特别是听力和写作部分笔记质量直接决定了分数的高低。当然综合写作的阅读笔记要比听力笔记容易的多，因为一来阅读材料字数不多，时间也比较充裕，最终你在读而不是听，备考压力不算大。所以必须把绝大部分精力放在对听力笔记的练习上。

听力笔记Exercise 1
   
     The word ecology was coined in the late1860s. It si derived from two ancient Greek words meaning " study of the  home". The science of ecology is the study of the relationships among plants, animals, and their home,or environment. Ecologists use information from many branches of science:
biology, chemistry, the earth sciences, and so on. They must deal with all this information because the life of every plant and animal depends on the complex interaction of its internal environment--its physiology--and its external environment--its habitat.
    The whole earth is an ecosystem, a system of give-and-take among plants, animals and their surroundings. As in any system, whatever happens to one part of an ecosystem affects its other parts. Materials are cycled from soil, water, and air through the plants and animals and then back to the soil, water and air.
    The energy that operates the ecosystem originates in the sun. This solar energy is trapped by green plants in the food they manufactured during the process of photosynthesis. This energy is needed to hold atoms together in the compounds we call food. As the food is used by the plants, by animals that eat the plants, and by animals that eat other animals, energy is released and used. By the time the carbon and other elements found in food are cycled through the plants and animals and back into the soil, water, and air, all of the energy has been dissipated.
     Thus the sun's energy is not the only essential to life. Green plants are also essential to our planet's ecosystem. They make the food and trap the energy that operates the entire system.
      The paths of food materials through the ecosystem are many  and complex. A food chain describe how one morsel of food might "travel" through the system. The word "pyramid" is used because the amount of energy associated with the food material becomes smaller at every link, or upward step. (328words)

参考笔记：
eco 1860s (ecology)
Gr W (Greek word)
关系 植 动 家 环 （研究植物、动物、家族、环境的关系）
用 生 化 地科 （利用生物、动物、家族、环境的关系）
复杂 内外环 （复杂的内外环境）
give & take
互影 （互相影响）
循环
太阳生能
光合
能传（能量的传递过程）
植物（植物的重要性）
f ch (food chain)
pyr(pyramid)[/size]

[[i] 本帖最后由 heqiongsophie 于 2008-3-17 19:52 编辑 [/i]]

Exercise 2

      Culture shock can be an excellent lesson in relative values and in understanding human differences. The reason culture shock occurs is that we are not prepared for these differences.
Because of the way we are taught our culture, we are all Ethnocentric. This term comes from the Greek root thnos, meaning a people or group. Thus, it refers to the fact that our outlook or world view is centered on our way of life. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own patterns of behavior are the best: the most natural, beautiful, right, or important. Therefore, other people, to extent that they live differently, live by standard that inhuman, irrational, unnatural, or wrong.
     Ethnocentrism is the view that one's own culture is better than all others; it is the way all people feel about themselves as compared to outsiders. There is no one in our society who is not ethnocentrism to some degree, no matter how liberal and open-minded he or she might claim to be.
People always find some aspect of another culture distasteful, be its sexual practices, a way of treating friends or relatives or simply a food that they cannot manage to get down with a smile.
This is not something we should be ashamed of, because it is a natural outcome of growing up in any society. However, as anthropologists who study other cultures, it is something we should constantly be awared of, so that when we are temped to make value judgements about another way of life, we can look at the situation objectively and take our bias into account.
     Ethnocentrism can be seen in many aspects of culture--myths, folktales, proverbs,and even languages. For example, in many languages, especiall those of non-Western societies, the word used to refer to one's own tribe or ethnic group literally means "mankind" or "human". This implies that members of other group are less than human. (321 words)

参考笔记：

c s (culture shock)

rel val (relative values)

und hum diff ( understanding human differences)

eth (Ethnocentric)

peo gr (people or group)

自己的最好 （one's own patterns of behavior are the best.)

ethism (ethnocentrism)

没人不 ethism

别的不好 （People will always find some aspect of another culture distasteful)

make val ju (make value judgements)

想不公    (take our bias into account)

神，民传，格，言 （myths,folktales, proverbs, and even languages)

人 （mankind or human)

附加[b]语言模板[/b]：】

[size=2]语言模板只是提供大家理清综合写作的整体思路，并不是唯一写法。即只要把握三点：
第一点：明确听力和阅读材料之间的关系，支持？还是反驳？一般来说是反驳！
第二点：写出听力和阅读材料中的细节，以及内在联系。
第三点：做到结构合理：可以两种材料分开阐述，或：每个细节进行逐一对比。


参考模板：

   In this set of materials, the listening passage discuss________(听力主旨），which gives futher details of__________(听力主旨的展开复述）and supports/opposites the reading passage that_______(阅读材料观点总结）
  Above all, it is believed that________(听力材料概况总结）First, the listening passage tells us_______(听力中第一个支持性细节，并说明如何反驳阅读材料的关系） Second, it also illustrates that______. As a result,________(结论）
  
  In addition,___________(补充性细节或结论）
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  Consequently,_________(全文

[[i] 本帖最后由 heqiongsophie 于 2008-3-17 19:49 编辑 [/i]]

good！

正有这方面的疑问呢，呵呵
谢谢啦
！

谢谢了！很有用！还有好的例子

谢谢了！很有用！:handshake

great,thanks

我想问一下,综合写作听力材料中如果跟阅读材料中有超过三处的不同怎么办,我们要全写吗?不写会扣分吗?

当然以考试中实际听力材料和阅读材料中的信息点来写。
大的信息点超过三处那就写上。

哦,谢谢啊

真恐怖的茫然呢,多谢啦.

:victory: :lol

thanks a lot~~

真是太好了！谢谢LZ:handshake

不错不错，有参考价值

我来抱佛脚了。。。

正在发愁呢！谢谢啦！

非常好!!

不错！1:)

好东东～～～(Horse22