1. The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question.

这段话因为“that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless”这句不太明白，所以整段都不明白是什么意思。

2. There is no escaping the fact that young people need as examples principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

这段话因为“young people need as examples principals and teachers”不太明白，所以都不明白是什么意思。

3．在一本习作书的解释中有这样一句话：It is true that…in most cases, however, …这句话大多数情况下是以前半句为准。
问题：我怎么觉得这是以后半句为准的让步啊。请指点一下

4．"The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives." ，想问一下that后面的那个句子做的是什么成分，that是由to some extent 引出的？这是to some extent 的什么用法阿？查过牛津好像，to some extent 不能引出什么句子吧，另外，它也不能被用到句尾是吗？
5. By understanding the history of money and banking, we can transform an otherwise routine trip to the bank into an enlightened experience, or a visit to the grocery store into homage to the many inventors, scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs of the past who have made such convenience possible today.
想问一下otherwise在句中是什么意思？他的几个意思查过了好像都不太符合这个语境。


非常感谢大家！

第一题：我想直译是：
因为没有什么可以被证明比别的事物更有价值或者是任何事物都是无意义的。

第二题翻译为：
青年人需要校长，老师这样的人作为导师来指导，因为他们能明辨是非，他们是高尚道德的榜样。

第三题：就是侧重后半句，however,是标志。

第四题：
to some extent 是插入语，故不用他引出句子。
that 后面引出了宾语从句。
因为这个宾语从句长，所以将to some extent  插进来。明白不？

第五题：
otherwise是作状语，插入这个句子。可翻译 in another way,以别的方式。

谢谢谢谢呢！都很清楚明白呢！
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