旧托福听力mp3及脚本——《第三十七天》（2003年1月）

对话听写训练1：TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外2 V& |3 p, c1 v* [3 [% e" X
M: I see you still got all your suitcases with you too. We must have the same problem.
8 o- W' E5 |2 `www.xiaomaguohe.netW: Let me guess. Your room’s been given to someone else?
' S0 s5 G0 Y( L( P# K. ]) ]) ]3 ]M: Yep.小马过河-新托福专业备考社区/ J+ V* g7 b! p9 V& o: \
W: I don’t get it! They sent me my room number a long time ago.
8 t) Z, g2 t2 HM: Me too. Well, at least there is room in another dorm, Bundy Hall.
. `: j$ ^% U! r: m2 t  ?! C小马过河-新托福专业备考社区W: That’s where they’re putting me too. But you realize that unless you have a car, Bundy is at least
6 A, [( H: Z( T) I* R/ \, H' ]- Hat 25 minutes walk from the center of campus. And don’t count on taking the campus bus, it runs at really inconvenient time.
9 y, K* i5 o" W0 n# l小马过河M: Great way to start your college career. But, I don’t know, maybe there is a positive side of all this.
. T$ w6 n0 d# v/ {% \' i: Pwww.xiaomaguohe.netSince we’ll be so far away from everything, we’ll be forced to use our time wisely.
, }: s# r) S9 A1 n. wTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外W: True. I’ve heard lots of first year students get into trouble because they hang out every day in the
' E3 A" x4 Q  E7 c& i  R$ T小马过河student center till it closes.TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外# c: q) [% c0 r: p( z9 D8 x0 s( R
M: Exactly! And not only that, we will get plenty of exercise from all that extra walking.
, ?/ {3 C, f+ V' twww.xiaomaguohe.netW: Yeah. And that is not exactly easy walking either. Around here you just about need a pair of hiking
- F) H& E- U3 K5 A; c [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]boots, and to enjoy mountain climbing. [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]; \9 S2 V: p! A  q2 t2 {- H
M: You kind of got a point there. But at least there are great vistas from some of the buildings, not to 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区8 w+ Z" h: U, y9 E4 Y
mention the possibility of some serious sled riding when it snows.www.xiaomaguohe.net5 M( }7 j( F( b
小马过河-新托福专业备考社区: P/ D' x- {+ o/ K! L$ }3 ]$ K
对话听写训练2：TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外# w6 A. X" y2 k- }. [
M: One of the most common questions we ask about people’s behavior is why. Why’d she say this?
+ d/ i$ H  {1 u; QTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外Why’d he do that? Sometimes the reason is obvious, for example, someone is driving down the 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区5 S& L: c  ~1 A3 ]" ]" I+ p
street, the light turns red, they stop, why?小马过河( i( J6 V! f! M; N. w3 i0 |
W: Because they have to, legally I mean. [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]  ^9 o% ]  d% l6 A9 ]
M: Exactly! In this case the reason is obvious, so we usually don’t question it. But when the reasons are   not so www.xiaomaguohe.net: W" Z& [/ e% K. Z4 q9 \
obvious and especially when the behavior could have negative consequences, we’ll more
4 }1 X( k9 a& u# t4 \likely to feel a need to explain the causes of the behavior. Social psychologists have a term for this,
/ \" t  @  K* V- A% P小马过河for the process of explaining the causes of behavior, it’s called causal attribution. And one theory [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]0 w- N, E4 s6 j9 i( t/ N/ B
suggests, there’s a pattern in the way we go about attributing causes to people’s behavior. ) f2 }8 }/ Z8 Y. h) m+ z
According to this theory, there are two categories of reasons: internal factors and external factors.
; L# [7 C! W2 n4 ]0 F小马过河Again, Lisa, say you’re driving down the road and all of a sudden some guy turns into the lane right in  front of
9 {: p: ^& q9 t3 ] [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]you, and you have to slam on your brake to avoid an accident. How do you react?TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外0 I! W- z0 r, l' v$ O! d
W: I’ll probably get very angry.www.xiaomaguohe.net3 e4 c; J+ k1 s0 C8 A
M: Because….
, A' z- K% K; ]  s6 ETOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外W: Well, he’s not paying attention, he’s a bad driver.www.xiaomaguohe.net4 K0 s, E6 O* g+ E( Q6 P4 y$ l
M: So you automatically attribute the driver’s behavior to an internal factor. He himself is to blame [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]9 Y" `# j1 E) L6 b2 Q/ o
because he is careless.
4 d" T2 n2 J& g: L小马过河-新托福专业备考社区W: So if I said it was because of heavy traffic or something, I’d be attributing his behavior to an external    TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外2 w5 J  @$ F; s1 `
factor, something beyond his control.
# ]& k, `) k9 w" Ewww.xiaomaguohe.netM: Good. Now how do you usually explain our own negative behavior?
5 ^  [" j- O) B/ w+ t! AW: We blame external factors.3 z& ^) G$ H6 i
M: That’s right.
0 e; h7 k, V+ l- r' n. ?6 p( owww.xiaomaguohe.net
. h( |: y" L5 r. i, o演讲听写训练1：
( v$ {) O; D4 Z9 D- o小马过河Today, I’d like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification, that’s the process 4 o- v0 f7 \/ g: b% a
through which land becomes part of a desert. Now a desert is defined as a place that receives a certain maximum amount of rainfall. But you may not know that it usually takes more than just a lack [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]2 R7 }! c( H$ O' C) h2 Z5 i
of water to turn productive land into a desert. There are several specific human activities that when
* l6 T' `0 l9 g4 STOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外combined with a lack of rainfall encourage desertification. For example, over cultivation, growing more
! R8 H( j' M# z9 M5 N) `5 T% Q4 uTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外crops than soil can support. The soil loses nutrients, so it needs either to be fertilized or to be left www.xiaomaguohe.net* W  r, b( C! o3 F. g
unused for at least a season. But if neither of these things happen if these nutrients in the soil don’t www.xiaomaguohe.net' W# N' T: W  {: Z& ]
get replaced, the damaged soil stops producing. Another cause of desertification is overgrazing. [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]4 ?4 A6 X, t5 V3 v0 S, N0 s
That’s when the grasses and trees and shrubs of an area are expected to feed more animals than they reasonably can. Too many animals eating in the same area will kill the vegetation. And because it’s the roots of this vegetation that hold much of the soil together, when too much of the vegetation dies, the soil erodes. But maybe the most ironic example of human behavior that can lead to desertification is irrigation. It may seem to run counter to common senseto say that introducing water into an area can cause it to become more like a desert. But there are plenty of bad irrigation practices that do just that. Bringing in too much salty water and then not providing adequate drainage for it will fill the soil with salt, and turn the area into a desert.小马过河) y1 }+ ?* e/ c2 Y& E2 _

/ F6 h, K( T7 n0 D [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]演讲听写训练2：
7 q& @6 P& h5 ~  I’ve mentioned how DNA have solved many mysteries in biology. And today I want to talk about how it might relate
: W3 \, L& x4 {& }4 |8 |TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外to hypothesisabout the travels of the green turtle. Every winter some green turtles make a 2000 km journey from Brazil to Ascension Island in the middle of Atlantic, where they mate and lay eggs. But the question is why do they travel so far to lay their eggs? One researcher hypothesized that there are two parts to the explanation. One is natal homing, the instinct that drives green turtles to always return to the beach where they were hatched. The second part has to do with continental drift, the theory that the positions of earth continents have changed considerably overtime. Brazil and Ascension Island were once much closer together, and continental drift drove them apart. But the turtles kept on going back to the island where they hatched. However another scientist questioned this explanation on the grounds that it would be very unlikely that conditions would allow generations of turtles over hundreds of millions of years to keep going back to the same nesting ground every single year. So, what is
. p' P+ A, E2 }0 {2 p5 W$ z4 l$ twww.xiaomaguohe.netthe connection to DNA? Well, there are groups of green turtles that nest in locations other than the
2 U# `3 S8 p- D& dAscension Island. If green turtles always return to the place where they were hatched, then the turtles TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外3 O8 o6 |" J. ~" b
that have been going to the Ascension Island to nest would’ve been genetically isolated long enough to have DNA that was very different from the green turtles that nest else where. But when scientists [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]0 L; E* m2 J) X$ _# q
examined DNA from these turtles, their DNA wasn’t that different from the DNA of the turtles that go to : k/ w3 Y+ S1 @# W# m2 @
Ascension Island. Do you have a shock? Well, we still don’t know the answer to the question about whya certain group of turtles go to Ascension Island, but this study was a nice example of the usefulness of DNA analysis to biology.www.xiaomaguohe.net) F( z/ d7 }. K, j, J; g

" ]2 _+ @3 Z( P2 K9 c) W+ A+ S小马过河演讲听写训练3：
. r3 W" o+ b6 [0 O  RAs I am sure you are aware, history is full of people who were so admired that over the centuries they become almost 2 L" \0 h# n) w' S1 f
mythical figures.George Washington is a good example. Everyone knows this story www.xiaomaguohe.net& a6 D0 o" n% H9 k# W5 y
about his chopping down the cherry tree when he was young andbravely confessing to his mischief www.xiaomaguohe.net0 m. k. u" l8 f
later. People greatly admired Washington’s integrity. And so, out of that, this story evolved, even though no one
4 R2 r; h0 C5 Y6 eknows for sure whether the incident ever occurred. Then there is the American Indian,
/ U% B- v9 ?) k# m( i小马过河Poke Hunters, beloved by history for making peace between the English Colonies and the American 小马过河5 @' R3 O, B5 R$ Y; P
Indians. The history of her life has also become somewhat mythical. At the historical society exhibit next week, we’
: e7 U+ A; l- f小马过河-新托福专业备考社区ll see many artistic works depicting the major events of her life. And while we are there, www.xiaomaguohe.net; Z5 k3 l+ s/ G$ m5 T* u5 k6 |% R6 K
keeping in mind that much of what you’ll see in the paintings reflects how much she was admired, but 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区3 Z& @2 j4 m3 x5 u8 n8 j- k& o
not necessarily the fact of her life.For instance, one painting shows her saving the life of Jon Smith, an
6 ]; q) |3 X& R5 M* `6 h/ R4 t/ PEnglish Colonist, who had been captured by her tribe. Smith, so thestory goes, was about to be executed when twelve-years-old Poke Hunters lay her head on top of his. Tells you a lot about her courage. ButJon Smith himself related this story only years after Poke Hunters had becomefamous, which suggests that he may have embellish the truth a little bit, as many of the works that we’ll be seeing in next week may have done. Something else to remember: paintings portrait her physical appearance in many different ways, but always flattering ways. Yet only one picture of her was ever painted while she was living.