旧托福听力mp3及脚本——《第三十八天》（2003年8月）

对话听写训练1：
: {8 Q* o7 f! U' V7 j4 _  Q [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]W: Hi, Dan, you know that lab you missed? You can have my notes.
) e- L, w$ u0 {; l$ f* fM: Thanks. I appreciate that.小马过河3 V! e0 ~9 R! X* E3 K9 {
W: So how are you feeling?
; x+ f0 N6 W3 _+ uTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外M: Much better now that I began taking an antibiotic. Student health gave me one, and it’s really help. www.xiaomaguohe.net/ h  t! [# f4 _. [  p' W
You know that it amazes me that the human races survive before antibiotics.. K+ W; O6 {0 G  W# }- P
W: I agree. When my father was a young boy in the 1940’s, he got blood poisoned and would have
0 y$ ^- e$ u0 c# Y8 o& ZTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外Died. But his doctor had heard of this new drug, called penicillin.
4 [( g3 O/ u+ f小马过河M: Wow, he was really lucky. And now we have lots of antibiotics that kill bacteria.
* {+ @1 t% ]) JTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外W: Well, penicillin kills bacteria, but not all antibiotics do. Some just slow the bacteria down until our www.xiaomaguohe.net5 d" }6 [8 n: q. h1 x, m
normal immune defenses can finish the job. Tetracycline works that way.
) E/ |  b& `, h8 U9 i小马过河-新托福专业备考社区M: Wow, you are a fund of drug trivia. How do you know all these?
; H8 p7 b# E% a; SW: My mother used to look up all our medicines, prescription and nonprescription. There are lots of
% Z; ?& y* j3 Z( p, t/ \books around. It’s interesting. What antibiotic are you taking?! J3 Q/ P% U3 J9 R  g+ L( t5 N
M: I don’t remember. It’s on the bottle. I think I’ll take a new look at the label and drop by the library to" m" y; N6 m. L
see if they have reference books on medicines. See you in lab tomorrow.小马过河-新托福专业备考社区9 P* B( t* y5 X9 b) y1 d' @  [' U

! y) j' Z4 s& [* k4 p( y/ m7 }小马过河-新托福专业备考社区对话听写训练2：
! d2 X6 d9 P; L* q6 C( U" O) cwww.xiaomaguohe.netW: Hi, Bill, how is it going?2 n6 v7 D0 a5 F6 L: [8 I9 F
M: Oh, hi, Jane. I’m OK. How about you? [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]# R: h; J6 t/ }5 Y  e
W: You can probably tell just by looking at me. I’m really busy. Hey, what are you reading?
( B- N* L& M" E( G4 nTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外M: A pretty interesting article. My biology professor assigned it, and I thought I just look it over. But I got   really involved in it. It’s about endangered species.
" u. _0 ?" J' C2 x7 Z5 xwww.xiaomaguohe.netW: That sounds pretty interesting. I’m getting frustrated with the two research papers I’m struggling with.小马过河& Z2 e. y/ U+ c2 w5 `
M: Oh?
! _) K! R. @5 p! a小马过河W: And can you believe they are both due on the same day?TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外2 ~3 p% f# s) C" T: [- y, r
M: That’s tough.
3 Z5 a# T6 p. M' B3 u  B6 x3 ?6 DTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外W: I’ll get through it. So what’s this you are reading?TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外/ C7 V* f9 n3 M/ u7 v1 h7 q2 |5 a2 X
M: Well, it’s basically about the choices conservationists are faced with. You know, these days when
/ W( p+ N( y2 \& r3 ~& N5 @3 l; O! [6 F小马过河-新托福专业备考社区funding so hard to come by. 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区! `( ?5 i8 j. Q
W: Wait a minute. Is it focused on biology or economics?
  O" I9 l& W9 P: Z* TTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外M: Both. Conservationists don’t have enough funding to save every endangered species in the world, [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]% S3 T9 Y7 j9 @% g& [) H! o1 s
so they have to decide based on
: I. ^& K- n: P" m6 w: N/ C; {what would be lost if a species became extinct.
5 @: H5 T3 ]: c, t" ?' V+ P" O小马过河W: Can you give me an example of what you mean?
3 V% d; Z) G! v7 J1 hTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外M: Take for instance, two animals, the spotted awl and the tailed toad. The article says the toad is [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]- F/ G7 k! p( b4 _1 N% X
unique. It has no relatives. But there are lots of varieties of awls.
$ h! |  W' |! U7 TW: So, if that toad became extinct, we’d lose an important link in the chain of revolution, right?TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外; A, Q% A/ a* R! y5 v- y
M: Exactly. But that isn’t so for the awl. So for conservationists, it might be clear choice of which animal    to save.
. D$ i1 t7 i+ {2 i8 aTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外W: I see. I am glad I don’t have to make that kind of decision. Aren’t you?TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外; h* F) ?9 ~8 O2 k
TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外& }: p& r2 c( d+ c6 `/ @' S* Q# |
演讲听写训练1：小马过河( _0 E% A6 x! R+ G2 Y0 m4 L
In my opinion, Frank Lloyd Wright was the greatest American architect of the 20th century. People who know his designs well point out that his roofs often leaked, his ceilings were too low, and his houses 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区  E8 X/ n* Q4 L! H- e7 l3 u
were uncomfortable. In my presentation, however, I’ll be focusing on the virtues of his designs. For
/ m  [7 p9 Z6 F- M# o; lTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外what you see, it would be hard todispute that he manipulated space extremely well, some of his www.xiaomaguohe.net  N0 v, |0 M2 S
smallest houses look gigantic,and he had great respect for the materials he used and also a tremendous skill for placing his buildings in harmony with nature.Wright’scareer began when he was young. He
/ ?* A5 ~0 F& K! u [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]was just a teenager when he helped build the chapel on his family’s property in Wisconsin. And from
* P# N0 b0 t, B) |  O& Bwww.xiaomaguohe.netthere, he got hired as a draftsman by the project architect. So it was a very long career. He did at 91,
' ]# n5 M3 X' p* W5 [/ y) uwhile his final major work, the Guggenheim Museum, was still being built.Today, we’ll cover what we www.xiaomaguohe.net# |$ H: \5 O" X( {
consider to be the two great periods of his career, Wright’s works before the Tokyo Imperial Hotel
1 H& |4 X$ c8 o* e小马过河completed in 1922 and everything after Falling Water, a private residence in western Pennsylvania
: B/ `8 z6 P0 l8 @www.xiaomaguohe.netcompleted in 1936. The first period started around 1896, when he made a dramatic shift from the 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区- N4 d% o5 W/ \1 h& y/ K
classical tradition to the arts and crafts movement. Here, the emphasis was on order, consistency and
# o# |3 U& Y) @/ Z6 ?( l' z [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]unity of design.  Things were  kept simple with minimal decoration. Natural forms were very important.
8 p4 ~/ ~8 |5 X+ s7 v: ywww.xiaomaguohe.netLet’s take a look at a slide of his own dining room done in this style. TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外& ^; \* Z+ T# @: u4 z9 N/ b
小马过河-新托福专业备考社区4 O, _2 U, X$ J
演讲听写训练2：小马过河-新托福专业备考社区2 I+ Q, J4 z( }: k0 K
We are going to talk today about the moon, our moon. First of all, the earth’s moon is unusual. Why?
  D4 p; P& |1 d! A; g2 Gwww.xiaomaguohe.netIt’s larger than other moons or satellites in the solar system, in relation to its planet that is. Its diameter 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区  w- u: s% Y% d: X! H3 ?; W; t7 \
is more than a quarter that of the earth. And if you compare the earth and the moon in terms of www.xiaomaguohe.net; U# ~/ X3 |3 [9 V; c! Z4 i
substance, you find the moon isn’t much like the earth. For example, the earth has a significant iron
( w1 v3 P! _! N/ [/ ^3 g/ Tcore, but the moon contains very little heavy materials like iron. That’s why its density is much lower
" D1 `5 f/ x  N* T! F3 U. Hthan that of the earth. Now, one time it was believed that the moon and the earth were formed at the www.xiaomaguohe.net" T" u; J" I, \; x0 N
same time from the same material. But then wouldn’t the moon have as much iron as the earth?
: r6 v) k5 j+ M" q- U' Lwww.xiaomaguohe.netAnother theory is that the moon was formed elsewhere in the solar system, and then it was captured, sort of the speak, by earth. But study shows that the young earth would not have had enough TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外% L0 ^) e% Q; L) V% ?8 v
gravitational force to stop a body the size of a moon from traveling through the solar system and pull it into orbit. The newest theory is called the big splash theory. Here, the new young earth was hit by [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]- h3 K* a& I6 q, r4 ^
another big planet. Most of the colliding planet entered the earth and became part of it. But the huge www.xiaomaguohe.net" c6 H4 p9 H9 K
impact created a vapor that shed out into space and eventually condensed as the moon. Because this 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区6 o* g& M* F' m( D! V+ F2 n
material came mostly from the earth surface crust, not the iron core, the moon contains almost no TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外/ T; M, n! s( H& T0 m4 [
iron. Well, as plausible as it sounds, it’s only a theory, and we can’t be sure that this is what
  V$ h0 ^7 G6 b0 t7 b# a8 H% Q1 [2 p小马过河really happened, that this is how the moon originated. Plenty of research remains to be done.
* g2 X/ U: s" X* o; k# I [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]
. m. w% p/ m0 n% H# p0 t小马过河演讲听写训练3：, t/ F9 s+ X/ A4 s- H- |
In order to diagnose and treat abnormal behavior, we have to start with clear definitions of what’s meant by abnormal and normal. Criteria must be worked out for distinguishing one from the other in actual
; s: c+ [8 H5 w8 \3 ]TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外clinical cases. The word abnormal implies a deviation from some clearly defined norm. In the case of
- w+ n, {! q3 U5 Y; Cphysical illness, the boundary lines between normality and pathology are often clearly delineated by
$ v) p) m( b# `& x* o+ u. F6 Q# YTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外medical science, making it easier to diagnose. On the psychological level, however, we have no ideal
) I6 k& j0 }7 v7 oTOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外model to use as a base of comparison, nothing to help us distinguish mental health from mental
* [" V" F4 }7 h; ^www.xiaomaguohe.netdisorder. The problem of defining abnormal behavior via establishing just what is meant by normal [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]' y6 x! `5 K6 @+ z" [6 U$ u7 R! c
behavior has proved extremely difficult. However, as chapter 5 outlines, several criteria have been
6 i) y& Z! O. P, l# y [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]proposed. One norm described in detail in your text is personal adjustment. An individual who was able to deal with problems effectively without serious anxiety or unhappiness or more serious symptoms is [小马过河-新托福专业备考社区]/ f2 P: O, q- u" U2 N: y
said to be well adjusted. Personal adjustment as a norm has several serious limitations though. For TOEFL,IBT,托福,新托福,机经,小马过河,留学,美国,海外) v* B- F/ X4 ^4 Z. y6 T0 c0 c
example, it makes no reference to the individual’s role in the group. How’re we going to classify, for 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区( W; v* X- _% ^) Y
example, the a typical politician or businessperson who engages in unethical practices. Either might be successful, happy, and well-adjusted individual. Obviously, the welfare of the group, as well as that 小马过河-新托福专业备考社区8 K$ X, ^7 a! G
of the individual, must be considered, which brings me to the next approach.