5月10日
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% F0 z8 @4 \8 ^; M(62) 地球科学：第6篇（地震）---难度级别：$$$$ (这篇我得当阅读来读，才能彻底明白文中的理论……)
! G1 M. a; e% H6 q0 sNow, you`ve been reading articles about the <tremendous > damage done to life and <property> by earthquakes. That`s why <seismologists> have been working so hard to develop metheds of earthquake (prediction). We can now predict earthquake fairly well, but the predictions only locate (potential) areas of danger. They (don`t) predict the (specific特定的，特殊的这个词总听不出来) time and location (at) which an earthquake is likely (to) occur. Today I want to introuduce to you three prediction models that have been. I! H2 q, U% N1 u" G
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The first earthquake model looks along earthquake faults, those cracks (in) the earth crust, (to find what are known[连读]) as seismic gaps. Seismic gaps were places where the faults has shown little or no seismic activity for a long time. This (theory postulates<v.>假定…是真的，假定…存在) that such places are (due) for a major shock.
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The second model relies on phenomena---like (ground flit掠过，迁徙). Using long (cylindrical圆柱的 tubes管子，管道) containing water, observers noted that ground flit tended to occur before major earthquakes. That let them to <correctly> predict the big Haichen quake of 1945---the first successful earthquake prediction scientists have ever made. A million people were (evacuated转移；疏散；撤离 from) that chinese city before the earthquake (struck). Unfortunately, this method hasn`t worked consistently, so we can`t say it`s been perfected.& G: x' K1 ]) o6 j
' F6 @* \3 Y9 DThe third model is based on the theory that major earthquakes closely follow a series of minor (ones). Studying with the measurements and (timing时间安排) of the smaller quakes, a complex formula公式 calculates the “times of increased probability” of a much larger quake. Right now, this method, like the first method, cannot predict specific times and places, but that may change (as it is further) developed.& |+ ^- a. G5 b
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For the moment, none of the models can predict with reasonable levels of confidence.
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6 J8 o* {) U9 B$ T% p! R; d( ?/ Z(63) 地球科学：第7篇（海洋学）---难度级别：$$$
* t4 E. a z m0 v' g, s; w3 tOne (reason好快) oceanorgaphers analyze the sediment on the ocean floor is to see how long-terms changes in Earth`s& W& E6 y+ F5 g$ L- U5 z: U1 R
temperature have (affected the) depth of the ocean. By analyzing the remains of sea animals in old layers of the ocean sediment, oceanogaphers can determine the depth of the ocean in the past. They`ve analyzed hundreds of such layers, including some from the (coldest) periods of Earth`s history---the ice ages. What they`ve found is that during the ice ages,the amount of water in the oceans (decreased). Water levels in the ocean dropped by about four hundred feet. Water from the ocean evaporated and became frozen in <continental> glaciers, so it didn`t (drain使液体流出) back into the ocean. When temperatures eventually rose again, the glaciers (melted使融化), and the oceans returned to (their) former depths. (Analysis of sedimentary) data indicates that periods of glacial freezing and (melting) occurred in regular (cycles) of 20,000, 40,000 and 100,000 years.7 b6 N8 Y1 [1 G7 }
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Oceanographers are interested in the history seawater levels because they (hope) to use this historical data in order to predict the possible (effect) that global warming could have on seawater levels. If industrial (polutants) are capable (of) heating global temperatures to the point that glaciers begin to melt, it`s (urgent紧迫的《电鱼》出现过它的动词形式) for us to know precisely精确地 上上篇《山》出现过它的形容词形式how high sea levels were rise as a result.0 X9 R8 c' G4 N: {
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8 u+ v+ a& B9 C6 o( f2 k/ g. d, U) @“road”这篇语速很快，连读很严重，泛听了三遍也没抓住主旨。听这篇感觉听力水平一夜回到解放前……大部分句子都要听5遍以上。) A) w) L$ A. J( p/ y
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* z6 z' z& t' C" {4 j(64) 地球科学：第8篇（road）---难度级别：$$$$
5 z" S0 M! [5 F0 c3 m- E) RThe Old Canada Road is a (long-lost) trail between the Canadian (province省) of (Quebec魁北克) and (Maine缅因州), in the northeast corner of the United States. Yes, it really was lost, and (finding it) again (was a) complex process that involved (state-of-the-art已经发展的，最新型的) technology. How the location of the road was pinpointed was very interesting, and I`ll return to (it as soon as I`ve [连读]) given you a little background imformation.9 T6 G( W) Z( J( u" ^
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The road was begun in 1817, a few years before (Maine) even (became a) state. At the time, Quebec was a major market for (livestock家畜，家禽, crops) and fish, so a road to Quebec was seen by officals (in) Maine (as) necessary for trade. For about 20 years, the movement of people and goods was mostly from Maine to Quebec, (but) then the trand reversed (as) thounsands (of) Canadians immigrated to Maine to escape poor (crops, a lack of) job, and the threat of disease. I think it was a (cholera霍乱epidemic流行病).! l9 k5 U# t) g# ?3 }% x
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Besides these negtive reasons, major building projects in Maine also made the state very attactive for the Canadians who needed work. I shuld stress, (though [这里though和前面的stress连读]), that immigration during that period went in both derections. In fact, the flow of people and goods went completely (unhindered不被阻碍的). (There) wasn`t even (a border post) until around 1850. The people of the time (saw) Maine and Quebec (as) a single region, mainly because of the strong (French influence) [French和influence连读为Frenchin` fluence], which is sill (evident in)[连读] (Maine) today.+ w8 K6 ^ J4 q: X0 C
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Eventually, the road (fell) into [fell和into连读为fellin`to] (disuse<n>废弃 as) a major railway was completely; finally, people simply forget about it and that`s (how it) came to be lost. This brings me back to the original topic.4 A3 U w# f" Y2 [$ i! _; ^
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3 Y K+ q8 X: G! V(65) 地球科学：第9篇（能源）---难度级别：$$$半% Q7 _2 D* ~; C8 S# \2 T4 G) X; t
Scientists are always on the (lookout<n.>留心) for alternative source of energy. Today we`re going to discuss one that`s so <plentifule> they say it is could supply more energy than all the coal and oil in the world. It`s found in something called gas <hydrate水合物> and, believe it or not, that`s a kind of ice.
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- C; E) D* N2 t3 _That`s right. But the water in this ice was way down below the (Earth`s) surface when it was frozen. (So it was) a lot of pressure. And trapped inside the crystals of ice are <individual> <molecules分子> of (methane甲烷，沼气)---that`s (what`s in) natural gas.
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' U/ |. _" t! ^# x. l4 P3 i- j: OAll this make gas hydrate (pretty strange) stuff. If you touch a match to a peciece of this ice, it`ll (burst into) flame. And when geologists bring a chunk (of it up) to the surface to study at normal air pressure and temperature, gas hydrate begins to (hiss发出嘶嘶声) and (bubble冒泡)---and in less than half an hour, the ice (melts) and the methane inside escapes into the air.) ~% w& A* o. J+ H( s% |3 b
7 S0 W, J6 U) C( ~Now as you might guess, this can made gas hytrate kind of hard for (miners矿工) to handle. And (then) there`s the problem (of) where it`s located?---In frozen (artic汽车列车；铰接式卡车) regions or in ocean waters (off the Atlantic) coast---and up to a mile down. , T( d7 H) {! C/ L V
! T% J3 K1 ~1 f0 `: V. q<Environmentalists> warn that (mining原型是mine<v>采（矿）；从…中提取 it) could be even (disastrous灾难性的). Offshore drilling could allow seawater to (seep《蜘蛛》里出现过) down into the huge icy deposits and release tons of mathen up into the atmosphere. And methane, (our listeners may) recall, is a greenhouse gas that could really (worsen) the problem of global warming.
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2 P8 a4 c2 L9 _" A: g9 qSo, gas hydrate may offer some interesting possibilities. But, (with all these) drawbacks, I`m not going to (hold my breath) waiting for it to fule my (furnace火炉，暖气炉).: B, a: o) i' |3 I e
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" z! E$ a ^4 t- u& W[ 本帖最后由 穗棉布族 于 2008-5-12 18:27 编辑 ]
