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(94) 场景(上)历史 第八篇(美国革命)---$$$
* v" i4 I) C4 s, y$ `3 g4 a0 `5 _We’ve been looking at factors (leading up) to the American Revolution美国独立战争. Today I want to look more deeply into what the colonists in the 1700 was thinking and feeling. What motivated them to change the political order violently--- was it money, (social injustice, religious intolerance不容纳异说). Without question American colonists saw the conflict in terms of political issues. They are concerned with not so much the economic problems as it was how the colonists wanted and indeed thought they deserved to live. In other words, the American Revolution was about liberty the protection of personal liberty. You see the colonists (share to believe that was quiet radical) at the time. They believe that person has rights, these rights were not based on the generosity of the king and they weren’t based on the <language> of the law. The colonists believed in the higher law, one that granted people rights, rights that they were born with and which couldn’t be taken away by any human being. (Unless of course someone commit the crime) and then they have to go through the proper legal steps. Now what were these rights? I’ll quote directly from the <Declaration> of Independence which states them clearly: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are (endowed by their Creator) with certain inalienable rights that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” The colonists had a new vision of what make political authority legitimate and what make personal liberty secure. Their vision was this, (legitimate government require the consent) of those who be in governed. So to understand how0 j4 f) L; Y! E% N5 K
events lead to the revolution, we need to understand specifically how political power had been exercised by the British in the colonies. Any ideas? 0 h. c. k4 y" s9 x7 y. g9 P9 e% I- |- k
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(95) 场景(上)历史 第九篇(发明史)---$$1 A7 ] t4 Z( J$ \
But too often, it seems to me we apply the term “invention” only to big important items like the car or the telephone. After all, we can hardly imagine surviving without them. We don’t stop to think that there are literally hundreds of inventions that make our life a little easier, a little more convenient. Let’s take something as common as the paper bag on my desk here. Yes, that’s right. (I’ve got my lunch in it). Well, I never open my lunch bag without thinking of Charles Stilwell who in 1883 invented the first machine to produce bags like this. You see, before Stilwell, bags were pasted together by hand, and they didn’t have flat bottoms so they couldn’t stand on their own and you couldn’t fold them very well either. Stilwell changed all that with what is really a (marvelous奇异的,不可思议的 piece of engineering). Think about it; look at how efficiently this bag is designed. I can open it with a flick of my wrest, but I can also fold it back flat as a piece of paper, and I can store a hundred of them under my desk. What’s more, it’s strong, see, I can even put this heavy dictionary in it and it won’t break, but it’s cheap to produce. Really it’s a (masterpiece杰作,著作) of practical engineering实际工程. Grocery stores buy over a billion of them every year. Well, nobody remembers Stilwell <nowadays>, but his little invention has certainly proved useful. If any of you could produce anything help as useful, you have really done something.
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[ 本帖最后由 穗棉布族 于 2008-5-31 14:00 编辑 ]