1. And, any serious student of Shakespeare comes away from reading King Lear and Hamlet with a heightened awareness of the tragically flawed ironic hero, and of the arbitrariness by which we distinguish our heroes from our villains.
comes away from 怎么解释？
2. Through education we begin to see flaws not only in people but also in ideologies that we had previously embraced on pure faith.
ideologies that we had previously embraced on pure faith 怎么解释呢？embrace 与on 连用吗？主要是embrace 不知道用的哪个含义。
3. A student of government and public policy learns that many of the so-called "solutions" which our legislatures and jurists hand down to us from atop their pedestals are actually Band-Aid comprises designed to appease opponents and pander to the electorate.
our legislatures and jurists hand down to us from atop their pedestals 什么意思呢？尤其是后半句
4. Through education in public policy and law, once-oppressive rules, regulations, and restrictions appear reasonable constraints on freedom in light of legitimate competing interests.
competing interests 怎么解释呢？
5. As cultural neophytes we participate unwittingly in our culture's own customs, rituals, and ceremonies--because we see them as somehow sacrosanct.
See….as… 是as可加名词也可加形容词吗？还有什么可以加呢？
6. Prior to education we respond instinctively, emotionally, and viscerally to the forms, colors, and sounds of art. Post education we respond intellectually.
Sounds是什么意思呢？intellectually是理性的意思吗？
7. An informed listener of popular music hears not just the same pleasing sounds and pulsating rhythms as their naive counterparts, but also the rhythmic meters, harmonic structure, and compositional forms used by the great classical composers of previous centuries, and which provided the foundation of modern music.
naive counterparts不太理解
8. arts 当作为“文科”意思时，后面的谓语动词是用单数还是复数呢？
我有一个很大的问题就是看一些范文，特别喜欢抓细节，这个词阿，那个短语是什么意思，总想都搞懂了，特别怕哪没明白给以后写作造成错误和问题，而且不明白心里也有罪恶感，这就造成我看范文的时候都要花很长时间，自己改作文也因为语法用词问题查字典费很多时间，所以请大家指点一下，我该如何是好呢？
而且从以上问题也可以看出，我很多问题都是细节的词义不懂，这种情况重要吗？应该怎么解决呢？
谢谢大家们的帮助！我实在是不知如何是好了。。。
