Passage100[中英对应+单词强拆(难歌出品)]
Passage 1000 \8 f% m. j T3 ]5 I; E+ l
! _9 d. n; p% z. P! x3 H- k8 L Of all modern instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consists in essence of a hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck, covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of design, shape, and decoration is no accident: the proportions of the instrument are determined almost entirely by acoustical considerations. Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are involved in the construction of a violin. Its tone and its outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important, however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument.In combination with the larger and deeper-sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra.
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The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600’s, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras. Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vingt-quatre violins du Roy (The King’s 24 Violinss), which was to become widely famous later in the century.
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9 F( Y' f" c4 V' q5 g In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings were thick and were to the body of the instrument very loosely. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, exciting technical changes were inspired by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the violin’s internal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain. Accordingly, a higher standard of performance was achieved,in terms of both facility and interpretation.Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.
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5 c; y6 G" @, q m* h- L在单词后"[]"中
+ k$ e7 y& d. v3 e( x# X词前加"-"表示后缀--> -ment
' ^6 ?! x( b5 y6 r$ P% f8 s词后加"-"表示前缀--> con-
4 N5 h& c- @5 {' `2 E/ p词(FCG)表示非词根--> stru(FCG)
; Y3 X1 O) q8 a) j词表示词根--> par生产9 |+ u" \7 k; `$ G3 v" R) ]
dec(FCG)->duc/doc引导/教 orat(FCG)->ornate->orn装饰-ate 是非词根变化出词根的意思(前面有(FCG)后面没有)
8 e5 _' |& }% ?9 d, K uPassage 100
9 Q6 ~% l$ Y0 F$ c! b1 K F6 R* o100 章! N, s5 w; O( x! X2 {: l$ N% n
Of all modern instruments[in- stru(FCG) -ment], the violin is apparently[ap- par -ent-ly] one of the simplest.3 ?( [# w' l& G- |+ x# r% f3 i. F
现代所有的乐器当中，小提琴显然是最简单的一个。; b7 g- l/ u" g& v; j
in-内,入 : Q+ P$ k, l" I1 B5 f/ D, `
struc-->struck-->strike 打(非词根) % x4 \* ]3 d$ k$ |! ^, b0 L
-ment 表示物品和物质名称的含义5 E* s# G1 U2 Z$ `
ap-加强或引申 ' A/ e/ Q" t6 X
par生产
/ ^ |& I0 p7 Z! P: ^* _. Z-ent adj后缀 表示具有...性质的,关于...的 N后缀 表示人 " }. ^7 V4 M' H9 f
-ly 加在形容词后构成副词,表示状态,程度方式, "...地"
2 A5 H9 {% H8 t' O3 aIt consists[con- sist] in essence[ess(FCG) -ence] of a hollow, varnished[varn(FCG) -ish] wooden sound box, or
; q/ [1 M R( L+ L' K0 sresonator[re- son -ator], and a long neck, covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension.) C7 L- o w" U. a) \. g5 d
它基本上由一个上漆的木制共鸣箱或共呜器和长琴颈 覆盖着的指板以及四根沿琴身被压紧的琴弦所组成.
' @" {! H0 @' A" E6 |$ L8 Gcon-共同 sist站立
2 p8 m: }1 a5 I8 Mess-->The letters.美国传统字典(英英)(FCG)$ O9 E/ P/ n- M1 B& C
-ence名词后缀 构成抽象名词
4 b; `3 u) u. y" b3 h$ Xvarn(FCG)-vari变化
6 \4 O/ |: F+ m-ish adj-->在名词后表示如...的,似...的,有...性质的 在形容词后表示含有某种程度的,略...的,稍...的. 某国某民族某语言% {4 j% N- T5 m
vt-->表示做...,致使...,造成,成为
! s" y& W3 v, Q4 h# F. C& g+ xre-重复
- U1 `2 f" }& s6 |# Z. G8 a, B7 wson声音
0 Y, L; n" X7 y8 a' ^-ator表示做...工作的人或物
2 b" d9 M+ h' D/ b8 kThe beauty of design, shape, and decoration[duc ornate -ion] is no accident:
: U3 ^- B& g+ q5 o \/ H这美丽的设计、形状和装饰并不是意外的事情:
; \& T, k' l# h' u1 v1 ]* @) Ndec(FCG)->duc/doc引导/教
1 h7 [5 \8 Z' borat(FCG)->ornate->orn装饰-ate
- u, v. F# @# A$ t# y$ C ethe proportions[pro- port -ion] of the instrument are determined[de- term(FCG) -ine] almost entirely by acoustical considerations[con- sid err -tion].
2 x8 z' L7 U- k7 X$ m& e1 l; ~器具比例完全从声学来考虑而决定。
1 d8 a3 T# x, R1 p9 L) qpro-1.在前,向前 2.代理,代替 3.拥护,亲,赞成
+ w* P- ?8 u T1 @port拿,带,运: v- t! l6 I- X: ?+ P2 C+ f
-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, ! s& ~1 A$ b( J5 T
表示"行为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
( I8 \, R H" x7 `" {proportion-->来自拉丁语proportio-->pro+portio一部分
1 r. e8 _5 f1 U" z' S& Wportion一部分,一分; v3 P$ g% @7 \7 Z& B
de-1.否定,非,相反2.除去,取消,毁3.散去了,离开4.向下,降低,减少! M$ D9 o; [; J
term(FCG) 来自拉丁语terminus极限，边界＜印欧语termn界桩＜词干ter-越过，那边
1 F# M) `$ i; Y% Z; P-ine 表示抽象概念
6 ~6 J" f0 f" a0 t, l% h* _" D- Wcon- 共同$ m _# I/ K$ Z( N i
sid坐
3 l1 B* z |8 ^5 v! P8 W- Merr漫游,走,行
" w& k; X4 g4 D8 ^& y+ c-tion
! E5 S0 u: }3 x0 H" ]Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive[de- cept -ive].
. O6 I7 h1 `$ N& p它简单的外表是欺骗性的。
) @9 G0 X7 K0 H/ p1 P& C" nde-1.否定,非,相反2.除去,取消,毁3.散去了,离开4.向下,降低,减少
! N1 H: _9 P% V$ W4 q& dcept 拿取
9 D, n5 [: F/ R% X$ |7 g-ive 形容词后缀/ 表示动作者or行为者" i! ^. q" p' V- j- I! [' g# b- z
About 70 parts are involved in the construction[con- struck -tion] of a violin. N5 s& _5 H9 ]+ X6 ~1 u7 V
小提琴的制作大约涉及了 70个部份。
: O, X( y+ u9 Y% r3 Fstruc-->struck-->strike 打(非词根)
9 {0 ]* }7 C2 hIts tone and its outstanding range of expressiveness[ex- press(FCG) -ive -ness] make it an ideal solo instrument.
/ s' i0 o# L) z它的音调(音质)和它的杰出表现范围使它成为一个理想的独奏乐器。
4 [, a+ e0 H3 E S% X$ nex-外，外部 +press压，挤(FCG)。->由“挤出外面”而引申为“表达”
7 d; ^ O3 V9 _! N! B# A-ive 形容词后缀/ 表示动作者or行为者8 G' D- M; R1 j+ e+ u/ @0 H
-ness, 表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
7 k. D0 t" ]; o" d+ r, qNo less important, however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument.
. |8 T! l5 h7 C. d- ^3 `但无论如何小提琴作为室内管弦乐器依然重要。) G5 C9 f& H: r* n2 `
In combination[com- bi- nat -ion] with the larger and deeper-sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus[nucleus(FCG)->nuclear(FCG)]of the modern [sym- phon -y]symphony orchestra.4 @/ n6 `0 T) T1 b0 h
与那些声音更大和更深的同一家族的成员想结合, 小提琴形成现代交响乐管弦乐队的核心。: V* Q$ ?/ Y1 \. W& m9 L6 u
com-共同
! n# J4 ]6 f! @6 g/ Y8 dbi-两,二$ g& c! n1 Q8 g: ^. Q
nat诞生0 K* J& a' {5 T" ?/ g
-ion,表示"行为的过程，结果，状况"
+ @6 x3 }- H! Z M0 [ Z' L! c- B两个人共同去诞生(下一代)的过程-->联合 欲知其中详情请致电137@!#$......(难歌:嘿嘿)
# D/ r6 ^9 [4 lnucleus的原型->nuclear
2 V& R( O J# z* Nsym-/syn-共同,相同
, g3 ?- W! `# [0 p2 E5 T" gphon声音5 j8 r) f+ S# r1 e6 w
-y, 表示"行为的结果，状态，性质”- v: C2 @! c1 l7 y" A+ ?8 h
- ~, n" B. w2 PThe violin has been in existence since about 1550.
. J# l2 P+ q- V% |小提琴大约出现于1550。
! k; l) z. w& A6 tIts importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600’s, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras.
+ T* l3 |# K% ^4 S Y) e% F! u在1600早期小提琴作为重要的乐器第一次在意大利歌剧管弦乐队中成为一种标准.
$ y; V4 I5 h) Y; p" j+ t4 o( @! J/ yIts stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established[e- stab -le-ish] : U) N; ~8 {3 g1 V( g4 Q5 X
来自古法语 establir<拉丁语stabilire<stare站立
" H) R& j8 b$ v0 J" z9 V, t2 Dat his court the orchestra known as Les vingt-quatre violins du Roy (The King’s 24 Violins), which was to become widely famous later in the century., W/ V% ?. d3 z6 @' s8 m1 [" X( W
当路易斯13世创建了自己的宫廷乐队著名的Les vingt-quatre violins du Roy(国王的24把小提琴)时小提琴作为一种管弦乐器的地位被进一步提升, 在世纪末小提琴变的家喻户晓.
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! B9 C# F& Y' G8 x% x% v: ~ g9 zIn its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting[re- sult] from the fact that the strings were thick and were to the body of the instrument very loosely. re- 回来+sult-源自拉丁语salire跳跃，弹。弹回来了有了“结果” Q0 `" S! g5 s; C9 {
在它的早期历史中，由于小提琴的弦粗 弦与琴身的连接很松散 导致它的音调(音质)迟钝而平淡.
% R; m, ?/ O1 O( ?) u$ ]During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, exciting technical changes were inspired[in- spir -e] by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini.
3 L+ R% T4 A/ ~# O% L( G$ A在十八的和第十九世纪期间，令人兴奋的技术上的变化产生于作曲家-小提琴演奏者Vivaldi和 Tartini。' g% s Z' _9 p8 u* _: `
Their instrumental compositions[com- pos -ition] demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension.
" {% f. {% c7 p2 W他们的弦很薄而且紧凑使乐器的音色更加丰满、清晰、辉煌。
5 G5 u8 O4 g! hSmall changes had to be made to the violin’s internal[in- terr -nal] structure[-ture] and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain.- d! S, V) A" i! U9 `; M
小提琴的内在结构和指板也已经有了些许变化，以便他们可以抵抗额外的压力。
+ _, C) S) \% Q% iAccordingly, a higher standard of performance[per- form -ance] was achieved,in terms of both facility and interpretation.
7 k' I$ }3 K4 k K" V因此，乐器和演奏都达到了一个更高的标准。 achieve 来自古法语achever结束，完成% v8 v7 y6 _% c+ U
Left-hand technique was considerably[con- sid -er -ably] elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes. e- 出来 + labor 做，制作 + -ate 动词后缀# _. k ?" k3 H, z4 ~, T, \
左shou技术相当的精细, 而且为了弹出更hai的音符发展出了一套新的指法。
