要么不听写，要么就听写到词穷句尽！
7 ^& z- p  ?' O& ?  p8 x之前在本子听写的，打字慢。# f) x% E/ k0 P2 f4 \1 g$ v
程序：四遍：1.盲听一遍；% i% [" R- k1 s; j) G7 [
2.听5秒左右句子，写；* K- Y1 _8 x2 T6 x
3.校对文本之前对着稿子听两遍，补充没听出或听错的;/ S2 ?7 V0 j- |# ~$ e4 d
4.最后一遍不暂停2 \% Q6 c+ m7 |% z
错的
& `$ P( ?  g3 `2 X! M0 z漏的
: C; w& m3 a7 K2 b, S( O拼写错误的
/ }% ^1 P* i. f6 O" ^3 R（多出来的）$ {2 L8 W& C. l% g
[错写成……了]" i' E. l- X' H8 Q# _2 B) L/ ]
1.生物1
1 j+ n. Q# ?2 I5 s$ R! K+ k, k2 b* dBefore we start our first lab, I’d like to tell you a little bit about the workbook we'll be using. The first thing I’d like to point is that the workbook contains a large amount of material—far more than that you could handle in a single semester. W hat you’re suppose to do is (to)choose the experiments and activities you want to do—within certain framework ,of course.part of my job is to help you make your choices. Next I’d like to mention is in each work book (each) chapter, there are usually two subsectors, the first is called “Experiments” and the second is called “Activities”. In the “Experiments” section, the workbook gives full instructions for all the experiments, including alternate procedures. Choose the procedure you wish— there is plenty of equipment available. In the “Activities” section, you will find suggestions for projects that you can do on your own time. You’ll see there are usually no detailed instructions for the activities— you’re supposed to do on your own way. If there are no questions, let’s turn to Chapter One now. : @) y: Z4 B$ w2 x
1. Why does the instructor describing? 7 l  j. [% p. u
2. What is the instructor’s main point?
; |( R+ ^  a4 j* A( R6 @4 Y7 @3. How did the activity different from the experiment? 3 M* x1 z1 r2 e8 [0 ?# z
4. When would this talk be given?
- f( {. h2 `: R2.生物2/ j( X/ K/ w7 @) d5 @3 o
Listen to science watch, a daily radio program. Word comes from California of a new weapon in the war on household pest. Two scientists working for a firm in Anaheim California, have developed (in) a method to eliminate insects without using dangerous chemicals. The new poison? Hot air. The basic idea is that insect cannot adjust to temperatures much above normal. In laboratory experiments, cockroaches and termites can survive much more than a quarter of an hour at (above ) 125 degree Fahrenheit ,or about 50 degree centigrade. The new method involves covering a house with a huge tent and filling it with air heated to around 65 degrees centigrade, hot air is forced in with fans, and the tent keeps the heat inside the house, Since termites try to escape by hiding in wood beams, the heat (can) treatment must be continued for a full (of) 6 hours. But when it’s all over, and the insects are dead, there are no toxic residues to endanger humans or pets, and no funny smells. Scientists claim there is no danger of fire, either, since very few household will burn at 65 degrees centigrade. In fact, wood is prepared for construction use by drying it in ovens at 80 degree centigrade, which is substantially hotter than the air used in this procedure" d% e! p; M3 U1 L5 U$ q
2 S6 t) R" ?( p, c5 X. C
[ 本帖最后由 eagledoudou 于 2008-5-11 23:04 编辑 ]

3.心理1
5 s7 t" h/ u, w' [9 w" e/ JBaby hypothesis:2 p6 a5 t& E  f, l
Listen to a professor talk to new students about child development. In our lab today, we’ll be testing the hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six months old. you will be watching on closed-circuit TV and measuring their responses.) i3 Q3 D! P$ ?0 H6 N
The experiment is based on the well-established observation that (standard, )baby stare longer if they don’t see they expected to see. First, we’ll going to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long (will) the babies stared on the dolls when the screen is removed. In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front the babies and disappear. But then a third doll will fallow, when the screen is removed, the babies will only see two dolls. If we are right, the babies will now stared longer because they expected see three dolls but only see two.It seems to think that such young children can count. My own research has convinced me that they have this ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question—should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but it is good for parents to pressure young children?
2 b  ]6 x( c% k$ \4.生物3
: N9 Y2 b8 A# z7 u9 B3 hListen to part of a lecture giving in the marine biology class. To us, the environment in which fish dwell often seems cold, dark, and mysterious, but there are advantages to living in water, and they have played an important role in making fishes what they are. One is that water isn't subject to sudden temperature changes. Therefore it makes an excellent habitat for cold-blooded animal. Another advantage is the water's ability to easily support body weight. Protoplasm has approximately the same density as water, so a fish in water is almost weightless. This “weightlessness” in turn means two things: One, a fish can get along with light weight and simple bone structure, and two , limitations to a fish’s size are practically removed. Yet there is one basic difficulty living in water—the fact that it’s incompressible. For a fish to move through water, it must actually shove in aside. Most can do that by wiggling back and for snakelike motion. The fish pushes the water aside by forward motion of its head, and with the curve of its body and its flexible tale. Next, the water flows back along the fish's narrowing side, closing in at the tail, and helping the fish to propel forward. The fact that water is incompressible that is literally shaped the development of (the) fish. A flat and angular shape can be moved though water only with difficulty. And for this reason, fish have a basic shape that is beautifully adapted to deal with the peculiarity.7 ]* O* V( b# O" a' l- K& z% P! ?
5.经济1
4 o9 f: N4 z, a* F# zListen to an instructor in the business class. I hope you've all (finished the) reading the assign chapter on insurance, so that you're prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mention a few things your test doesn't going to.
: J% G# B7 Q' t; [+ B! C; j' V) g; UIt is interesting to note that insurance had existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest (exist) insurance policies were (what we) called bottomry contracts. They provided shipping protecting for merchants as far back as 3000B.C. In general the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost in the sea, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans (is) varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So you can see how insurance helped encourage the international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over a long distances-not to mention in hazards (the) weather conditions-when they had this protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were silent then and remain paramount in all policies today. These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those point might be?
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[ 本帖最后由 eagledoudou 于 2008-5-11 23:03 编辑 ]

6.历史1$ ?6 ~8 Y6 M8 ], W2 D
开始听写在：2008-4-30 下午 01:46:533 k4 ?: e( b6 n6 D3 l- [% V, O
Listen to a program sponsor by a student group: Good evening, my name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance (in the) Club, I’d like to welcome you to attend tonight’s program, the club is pleased to present the TV vision of the Catherine Wheel， Twyla Tharp’s rock [写成Cacerine Whales, Tweller box walker了] ballet. This version[写成video了]of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences [写成audions了]
2 p3 G1 g' V& @3 p- f# |than the original theater production, it includes some (some) animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that[写成stop by video. They了] really help the audiences understand the dance, the title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine[写成say Cacerine了] (and) who died on a wheel 307[写成the Whales370了] A.D. Nowadays Catherine wheel is also a kind of [写成can do了] firework , it looks something like a pinwheel [写成with the pen了] , anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks, you see how Twyla Tharp explores [写成tempts how sub the了] one family’s attempt to confront the violence in modern life, the central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy, as you watch, see if you can figure it out, the music for this piece is full of rhythmic [写成rythemic了] energy of rock music, it was composed by David Byrne[写成Bern了], of the rock band Talking Heads[写成rub top hands了] and the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfect suited to Tharp’s adventurous choreography.[写成venter of,了] following the video, dance teacher. p; `, y/ h# Q9 V6 i: O! ]
Mary Parker will lead a discussion about symbolism Mr. Sharp used. of. We hope you can stay for that, so, enjoy tonight’s video, and thank you for your support.
7 s; }! t$ M5 a5 |, m9 M以上听写编辑在：2008-4-30 下午 02:17:45
( H8 ]2 K+ ~: V听写结束。共录入 2句， 222英文单词。- N6 l6 o* D% Q3 Z2 L' K& O
开始时间为：2008-4-30 下午 01:46:53，结束时间为： 2008-4-30 下午 02:19:01，共用时
& b0 n) I% k+ ]" B: E33分钟。平均 6.72727272727273词每分钟。4 a1 N1 f7 N) A, `
小结：不是把短语听连了，就是把单词听散了9 |2 Q0 P+ Q9 Y! Z& a. t2 \
audience，rhythmic，adventurous（a.冒险的，惊险的），chreography不会写
5 _( _) V! I' u# A. R0 Xversion,video听混了
9 w. r: x" Z, t9 x4 M粗心把307听成370，该打
+ ]# v" e! U- L" r2 k! T# @, ?long way to go，接着听
/ g9 v1 E7 [& s7.人类学1* C3 u1 V: O, n7 ^0 @
开始听写在：2008-4-30 下午 03:30:36. v6 P( H! D6 h& k. ]9 i
Listen to part of the talk given in anthropology class. Today’s lecture
2 n* j+ t6 j7 ?# H# l$ uwill center [写成we’ll settle了] on prehistoric people of [写成in了] the Nevada desert, now, most of the prehistoric(al) desert people moved across the countryside throughout the year, you might think that they were wondering aimlessly— far from it, they actually followed a serious planned [写成the plant了] moves, where they move depended on where food was available, place where the plants were ripening(成熟) or fish were spawning(产卵), now often when these people moved, they carried all their possessions on their backs, but if the journey was long, extra [写成actually the了] food and tools sometime stored in caves or beneath (在……之下) rocks, one of the caves is now an exciting archeological site[写成sight了], and lot of the caves have an archeological sight, beyond its [写成they all have了] small opening underground grotto(岩穴，洞室) [写成groudle了], eventhough the cave is very large it was certainly too dark and dusty for the travelers to live in , but it was a great place to hide things, and tremendous amounts of foods supplies and artifacts have been found there, the food includes dried fish, seeds, and nuts, the artifacts include(s) stone(s) spear [写成and fire了] points and knives[写成lines了], the spear points are actually rather small, here is picture some that were found, you can see their size[写成the sights了] in relation(ship) to the hand to hold them.[写成equipment.了] : W  j$ `1 E& \+ K+ A- A/ g& i
以上听写编辑在：2008-4-30 下午 04:01:45
: h% S5 N/ ]& M9 O8 n6 Y听写结束。共录入 2句， 196英文单词。
" t- j' q% S  e$ o7 M8 b, H开始时间为：2008-4-30 下午 03:30:36，结束时间为： 2008-4-30 下午 04:01:52，共用时
6 O& V' o  u2 D' x& B# D31分钟。平均 6.32258064516129词每分钟。
) Y; N+ m2 l  `! D. }. J8 b; Z小结：extra 听成actually the ?
) N/ r* C# e( m  U8 d9 W# q& a# I8 hknive 听成line?/ y7 p# E: W: {4 _4 B% _
介词5 ~% ^, X- V" W8 ?3 T
单三
& B; d7 \' L( [  r" z2 h; o- P4 p基础啊，咳  G" {2 X! T% Z7 b
8.地理1
3 N' k8 _* @0 P- v开始听写在：2008-4-30 下午 10:31:53& w* z9 k6 Y( b  R1 h
Listen to part of the lecture in geology class. I’m glad you brought up the question(s) of our investigation into the makeup [写成make up了] of the Earth’s interior. In fact— since this is topic of your reading assignment for next time, let me spend these last few minutes of (this) class talking about it. There were several important discoveries in the early part of this century that helped geologist develop a[写成discovery about find了] more accurate picture of the Earth’s[写成geology了] interior, the first key discovery have (something) to do with seismic(地震) (is the) waves, remember they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes, well, scientists found that they traveled thousands of miles through the Earth’s interior, this finding enable (the) geologists to study the inner parts of the Earth, you see, these studies revealed [写成review了] that these vibrations were of two types, compression or p-waves, and shear [写成sheer了] or s-waves, and researchers (is) found that p-waves travel through both liquids and solids while s-waves travel only though solid matter, in1906 a British geologist discovered that p-waves slowed down at a certain depth but kept traveling deeper, on the other hand, s-waves either disappeared or were reflected back, so he concluded that depth marked the boundary between a[写成bountry because the了] solid mantle[写成mentle了] and a liquid core, 3 years later another boundary was discovered that between the mantle and the Earth’s craft, there is [写成are了] still a lot to be learned about the earth. For instance, geologists know that the core is hot evidence of this is molten lava [写成modern了] that flows out [写成up了] the volcanoes, but we are still not sure what the source the heat is.
3 z( R. j- ~. ^; d以上听写编辑在：2008-4-30 下午 11:11:44
7 [6 N. P% D, d: d  S听写结束。共录入 1句， 260英文单词。( E, N: ^+ S. ~3 i
开始时间为：2008-4-30 下午 10:31:53，结束时间为： 2008-4-30 下午 11:11:45，共用时
% k) }' h$ q$ x& q40分钟。平均 6.5词每分钟。. n0 F0 s% B$ v* ?* v
小结：revealed * O# ]% _: f+ l2 h
听成review
( n$ R) u1 R  t: F- eshear 听成sheer  Y3 p6 h8 |4 s2 \+ U& I# F5 J
mantle写成mentle
* m7 M, E0 D  P# A0 F, |1 u# i  Kbetween a没听出来because the! n' J! ~; u- X% a5 o& c. ~
molten lava 没听懂modern! O( y" U. T2 @) a2 v
单复数时态' N3 a, s$ U4 u+ `" Q

) U, n/ k. A; J! `2 ~8 O8 H[ 本帖最后由 eagledoudou 于 2008-5-11 22:59 编辑 ]

9.OG1
$ p8 d9 ~+ J  }( F开始听写在：2008-5-1 下午 01:12:39) P& A/ d1 f" k. ^8 g# c1 g  M! u! H
Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.& D* \( v  r# F8 f: a# a
Excuse me, Professor Thompson, I know your office hours are tomorrow, but I was wondering [写成wandering了] if you have a few minutes free now to discuss something. 8 E! h; c) p& r: i
Sure John, what did you want to talk about?
# s$ K8 A2 a& H1 R- }2 dWell, I have some quick questions about how to write up the research project [写成paper了] I did this semester, about climate variations.% ~6 j2 W; r) l$ T% R9 D
Oh, yes, you were look at the variations in [写成of了] climate in grant city area, (is it) right? How far along have you gotten?+ n  J# g9 i/ |4 w6 t
I’ve got all [写成on了] my data, so I’m starting to summarizes now, (but I) preparing the graph and stuff [写成climate data了]. but I just, I’m looking at it and[写成but了] I’m afraid it is not enough, but I’m not sure what else to put(ting) in the report.
% o9 B; f/ Q! |2 ~I hear the same thing from every student, you know, you have to remember now you are the expert in what you’ve done, so, think about the (means about) what you need to include if you were going to [写成want了] explain your research project to some one with [写成and you supply to sum up了] general or casual knowledge about the subject, like,
6 e5 e7 q0 n6 {- X/ |1 blike your parents, that’s usually my rule on thumb, would my parent understand this?$ M- t3 l; c7 z+ @- x6 |3 K
Ok, I get it.
7 v" `6 j) b/ K% s  P4 SI hope you can recognize by my [写成what I’m了] saying that how much you do know about this subject.
. T; Y8 \5 K4 }3 j$ YRight I understand. I was wandering if I should also [写成those了] include (ing some) the note from research journal you suggested [写成journey for of this general subject了] I keep. ' k$ f4 b( @* m* M* R5 C) |1 U$ n
Yes, definitely. You should use them to indicate what your[写成that the了] evolution in this thought [写成include了] though time, so, just set up, you know, what was the purpose of what [写成that了] you were doing, to try to understand the climate variability [写成vary ability了] of this area, and what you did, and what’s your approach was./ t* z5 h, h; F  I
Ok, so, for example, I studied meteorological [写成what immediately psychological了] records, I looked the climate charts, I use different method for analysis the data, like certain statistical tests and then I discuss results, is that what you mean?
9 l" @) Y6 t; T, v  h% r3 y, aYes, that’s right you should include all of that. The statistical test are especially important, and also be sure you [写成we should了] include a good reference section where [写成sector了] all your published and unpublished data [写成they了] came from, did you have a lot of unpublished climate [写成distinguish了] data?
( h( s: c6 _) J" ^# O( R& QUm, something just came into my mind and went out the other side. ) U7 f* u: |" {# _5 a. ~
That happens to me a lot so, I’ve come up with a pretty good memory [写成was to sum pre了] management tool, I carry a little pad with me and I jot [写成了just write] down the questions or ideas that I don’t want to forget. For example, I went to the doctor with my daughter and her baby son last week and we knew we wouldn’t [写成couldn’t了] remember everything we wanted to ask the doctor, so we actually made a list of five things we wanted[写成written down five question for the doctor to了] answers to.
* H' f5 P- k1 E' oI know pad is a good idea, since I’m so busy at the end of the [写成now under this了] semester, I’m getting pretty forgetful these days, Ok, I just (trying to) remember (just) what I was trying to say before.
  u* L+ l  o2 z" K' V2 QGood. I was hoping you’d come up with it.
2 U/ }0 K' [3 p+ bYes it ends up that I have data on more than the immediate grant city area, so I also included some regional [写成original了] data in the [写成on this了] report, with everything else it should be a [写成for it is了] pretty good indicator of( v( q  H1 R, g7 O. S
the climate part of the state [写成to stay了]." Z7 B1 V1 ]4 x( H
Sounds good, I’ll be happy to look over a [写成reading the了] draft version before you hand it in the final copy, if you wish.
# S$ i3 X+ V: W: V- tGreat, I’ll plan to get you a draft of the paper by next Friday, Thanks very much, oh, see you.
) k) n7 T$ x7 `- j/ L以上听写编辑在：2008-5-1 下午 02:14:474 R4 v! F" A) H( z, D# `* `
听写结束。共录入 1句， 559英文单词。4 m: L; _9 D9 l
开始时间为：2008-5-1 下午 01:12:39，结束时间为： 2008-5-1 下午 02:14:48，共用时6 K! g) e0 a' H3 k; k2 x
62分钟。平均 9.01612903225806词每分钟。5 c& o! u) O8 Y' r$ i4 L
开始听写在：2008-5-1 下午 06:11:18
; {4 V6 h: W, N2 v8 X4 c1 }# S
; {1 z; p6 g1 i, {0 b[ 本帖最后由 eagledoudou 于 2008-5-11 22:57 编辑 ]

开始听写在：2008-5-1 下午 06:11:189 h" Y2 y- ]0 j/ }  J
10.OG2" E0 ~: k+ h7 J9 l5 w$ X3 }
Listen to part of the lecture in a philosophy class. 2 a! n+ V0 Y5 j) _0 r' B
Ok, another ancient Greek [写成ancestor了] philosopher we need to discuss is Aristole[写成Arrors Tatto了], Aristole’s ethical theory, what (is) Aristole’s ethical theory is all about is this: he is trying to show you how to be happy, what true happiness is, now, why is he interested in human’s happiness, it’s not just because something that all people want or aim for, it is more than that, but to get there we need to first make a very important distinction, let me introduce a couple of technical terms, extrinsic value and intrinsic value, to understand Aristotle’s interests in happiness, you need to know this distinction(s), something we aim for [写成need了] and value not for themselves but for what they bring about in addition to themselves, if I value something as a [写成is了] means to something else, then it has what we will call(ed) extrinsic value, other things we desire and hold to be valuable for themselves alone, if we value something not as a [写成is the了] means to something else, but for its own sake{方便} [写成seek了], let us say it has intrinsic value, exercise, there may be some people who value exercise for itself, but I don’t, I value exercise because if I (take) exercise, I tend to stay [写成can stick了] healthier than I would if I didn’t, so I desire to engage an exercise and I value exercise extrinsically{ad.本质地，固有地}, not for its own sake, but as a means something beyond it, it brings me good heath, heath, why do I value good heath? Well, here it gets a little [写成bit了] more complicated for me. Um, heath is important for me because I can’t do other things I want to do, Play(ing) music, teach philosophy, if I’m ill, so heath is important to me, has value to me, as a means to a productive life, but health is also important to me because I just kind of like to be healthy, it feels good, it’s pleasant to be healthy, unpleasant not to be, so to some degree I value heath both for itself and as a means to something else, productivity, it’s got extrinsic and intrinsic value for me, then there is something that are just value for themselves, I’m a musician, not a profession musician (and) I just play a musical instrument for fun, why do I value playing music? Well, like most amateur{n.业余者，爱好者}[写成amator了] musicians, I only play
  z6 ~5 _+ G. O(anyway) because, well, I just enjoy it, it is something that’s an end in itself, now, something else I value is teaching, why, well, it brings a modest income, but I could make [写成get了] more money doing other things, I’d do it even if they [写成it了] didn’t pay me, I just enjoy teaching, in that sense it is an end to itself, but teaching is not something that has intrinsic value for all people, and that’s true generally, most things that enjoyed in and [写成the end了] of themselves vary from person to person, some people value teaching intrinsically but others don’t, so how does all this relat(ed) to human(’s) happiness, well, Aristotle asks, is there something all human beings value, and value only intrinsically, for its own sake or only for its own sake? If you could find such a thing, that would be universal final good, or truly the ultimate purpose or goal for all human beings. Aristotle thought the answer was yes. What is it, happiness, everyone will agree, he argues, that " |& ^; y, R+ I' h
以上听写编辑在：2008-5-1 下午 06:50:31! }- q1 G7 p, D* }; S: G/ H. U
happiness is the ultimate [写成automated了] end to be value for itself and really only for it self, for what other purpose is there in being happy, what dose it [写成did they了] yield? The attainment [写成entertainment了] of happiness becomes the ultimate or highest good for Aristotle, the next question that Aristotle raises is, what is happiness, we all want it, we all desire it, we all seek it, it is the goal we have in life, but what is it?# `$ m3 q% w# s# \$ ?
以上听写编辑在：2008-5-1 下午 07:31:23
4 {! u) E8 h5 G1 {# qHow do we find it? Here he notes, with some frustrations [写成for some preparation了], people disagree, but he does give us a couple of criteria {标准，尺度}[写成quaterior了], or features, to keep in mind as we look for what true human happiness is, true human happiness should be, as he put it [写成proceed了], complete, complete in that it is all we require, well, true human happiness, if you had that, what else do you need? Nothing. And, second, true happiness should be some thing that I can obtain on my own, I shouldn’t have rely{指望或依赖} [写成relay了] on other people for it, many people value fame{n.名誉，名声} and seek fame, fame for them becomes the goal, but, according to Aristotle, this won’t work either, because fame depends altogether too much on other people for it, I can’t get in on my own, without help from other people, in the end, Aristotle says that true happiness is the exercise of reason, a life of intellectual [写成internature了] contemplation, of thinking, so let us see how we comes to that.2 k5 h  x5 {" Z% m9 W: j$ r
以上听写编辑在：2008-5-1 下午 08:16:148 ]% X& Q4 ]3 _' v8 ^5 K3 C
听写结束。共录入 3句， 781英文单词。
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[ 本帖最后由 eagledoudou 于 2008-5-11 22:55 编辑 ]

OG1里面的jot down是一个短语，意思是潦草的记录的意思

谢谢老师，

11.OG3
6 d- y& z' [# N6 y4 j$ I开始听写在：2008-5-1 下午 10:54:26
& s" v& C/ V" H+ ?Listen to part of a psychology lecture, the professor is discussion behaviorism. Now many people concern John Watson to be the founder of behaviorism, and like other behaviorists, he believed that psychologist should study only the behaviors can (be) observe and measure, they are not interested in mental [写成mentle了] processes, while a person could describe his thoughts, (and) no one else can see or hear them to verify the accuracy of his [写成was了] report, but one thing you can observe is muscular[写成muscler了] habits, what Watson did was to observe muscular habit, because he viewed them as manifestation [写成menifestion了] of thinking, one kind of habit that he studied are laryngeal [写成loringle了] habit, Watson thought laryngeal habits, you know, from larynx, in other words, related to the voice box, he thought those habits were an expression of thinking, he argued that for very young children, thinking is really (to) talking out (a)loud to oneself, because they talk (a)loud even if they not trying [写成want了] to communicate with someone in particular, as the individual matures, that overt{a.