Mini的迅速搞完……然后进入——场景分类训练——的蹂躏中……

收到～听写去鸟

2008-5-13
% G0 x1 Y7 [7 `* q- O9 v% lMINI练习8

答案：错一个

听写部分：有关Africa 那个很恶心……

错误的，眼睛和耳朵不认识的，没有听清楚的，去掉的

Did you get good notes from today's lecture?

The lecture on the names of the continents? I think so. Would you like to compare notes to see if we got the same information?

That sounds like a good idea to me. I'd really like to make sure that I understood everything.

I thought it was interesting how the names of continents developed. Now that I understand where the names came from, it's easy to see what(why) the(there’s) confusion today about the continents, about whether Europe and Asia are two continents or one, for example.

And(Or) whether the Americas, North and South America, are two continents or one. Or why the Antarctica is a continent, but the Arctic is not.

Exatly.

Now here is what I wrote in my notes, I listed each of the continents and where its names came from.

I like that(how) you have put the information in a chart like that, it makes it very clearly for me to understand. In my notes, I didn't list everything in such an organized way. Maybe that's why the information in the lecture is not so clear to me.

OK, let's go over the continents and see if we understand how each name came about. First, we have Europe and Asia. Europe came from the Semitic(闪米特人（的）) word Aurop(ereb) which is means “west”. And Asia came from the Semitic words Asu (assu), which is means “east”.

That's right. The professor said that the words came from the Semitic language, but the names were actually given to the areas by the Greek. The Greek thought that Europe and Asia were two separate continents, one to the east and one to the west, so they gave the(these) two areas name as(that meant) :east and west.

And even though it was later to determined that the(these) two continents were really one landmass, the tradition of identifying the misting(them as distinct) continents exists continues to this day. Now move on to the Americas.

That's easy. The Americas were named for an(the) Italian explorer: Amerigo VesPucci.

It's interesting that VesPucci never actually made it to North America. He explored the closed prove proove and usual(coast of Brazi, Peru and Uruguay). Did Amerigo VesPucci actually name the continents after himself?

No, VesPucci wrote a lot about his travels and scientists(signed his) works with his name latten(in latin). Americas (Americus). It was a German catagropher (cartographer：制图者，地图绘制员) who actually put the name of Americus on a(the) map he was making. He took the name from discriptions(descriptions) written by Americus of his travels to the New World. Now which continents do we still need to discuss?

There are Africa, Australia and Antarctica.

What about the Arctic?

The Arctic is not a continent, although the Greeks thought that the Arctic and the Antarctica were both continents. In reality, the Antarctica has a landmass, so it is a continent, but the Arctic, is a landmass(landless mass) of ice, so it isn't considered as a continent.

But the names of both places came from a(the) same word, the word Arctical(arktikos) in Greek, which means “bear”. The Arctic is the “land of bears”. And the Antarctic is opposite of the Arctic on the globe, so it is the “opposite of(the) Arctic”. Now what can you tell me about the name of the African continent.

The name for the continent of Africa came from the Funish(Phoenician腓尼基的)
0 Z' p0 G# A4 a& B3 E& k/ R9 x6 |( jword. The Phoenicians lived on the eastern of shawn rainy(the Mediterranean地中海的) some three thousands years ago. And often saw(sailed) the long(along) of the northern coast of what is now and called it Africa.

That's right. They came to contract of(with) the ifry(Ifri), a culture of people who lived in this northern area, and the Phoenicians gave their homeland of the Ifri the name: Ifricia(Ifrikiya). Over time, the name involved in to(evolved发展，计划 into) Africa, and area that it included spran(spread) from just the Mediterranean coast to cover the entire continent.

So is that it? We’ve talked about Europe, and Asia and the Americas and Antarctic and Africa?

Wow, Hang on there, not so fast, let's not forget about the Australia.

Oh that's right, I did forget about c Australia. Australia was given a latten(Latin) name by the Europeans, tero-australia(Terra Australia), which actually means “the land of the South”.

So the modern name of this continent comes from this much older Latin name.

That's right. Now have we covered all the continents?

Yes, I think we've gotten all of them. And thanks for your help. I think I understand all of these(this) much better now.

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我承认错误～～我昨天听写完那个语音识别，然后就去做了事务性的工作比如把小马老师的听力词汇整理了打印出来，然后自己设计了个封面cover上去……然后把以前的听写的单词整理了一下，然后，然后，然后心理觉得很燥，就米有听写～～这个是今天早上费了两个小时完成的，还没跟读…… ……一会儿做饭然后跟读去，晚上开始听写……那个听说很残酷的分类训练……让暴风雨来的更猛烈些吧……哦哈哈……某不知天高地厚的人狂啸……
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- {  A9 _) _, p1 ^6 K$ Q" L第一步：准备刀………………

魔鬼训练之——分类

5月14日

地球科学1：恐龙消失

听写部分

I think you would have enjoyed my geology class this morning.

Don't bet on that(it), I'd(have) never cared much about the rocks.

But you do care about dianosours(dinosaurs) that I recalled, and today we discussed the$ J2 b* U& V. n; N) h% n& K$ K
geological evidence about what had(may have) killed the dinosaurs at least here in North America.

Oh, sure. they got here a cametor(hit by a comet or) something, I think.

Well yeah, about 60 million years ago, a huge commited(comet) bit the(did crash into earth) down in Mexico and it plowed out as an normalize(enormous:非常大的，凶暴的，巨大的) crater, over the hundreds of (a hundred) miles crowd(across).

And that was what why death of the dinosaurs, right?

Well it wasn't exactly the impact did source(itself),but what happened right after the word(afterward). You see researchers figured out from the shape of crater that the commit(comet) must be coming in pretty low of (the) Atlantic and the(so) right after the impact a huge cloud of fairy vipper (fire river) must have swept clear across the north of America，all in just a few minutes. And that was what probably killed off not only(just) the dinosaurs but a lot of different species of plants and animals.

Amazing

Yeah! And near(even) 2000 miles from impact, plants would have been birth(burst) in flayzing(the flames)

And the fire that intense must be destroyed just about everything

Well a both(above) ground anyway.

Above ground? Say, I wonder expect(if it that) explains why the dinosaurs all disappeared but not some other animals, like maybe small animals(mammals) living underground Why they(managed to) survive?

Make sense, anyhow leader around(later on) the tones(tons) of dusts that surrend way of (thrown away out) the upstair(atmosphere) may accause(have caused) some global climate change. So inventiouly(eventually最后，终于，结果), the climate(comet) probably effected(affected) plants and animals species all around the world but nowhere as much in(as) North America

We've been talking about some of the affect of(that) human beings so act on the earth. One image we are(One that you may not be aware of ) is that we have actually begun to change the length of the day. You know that(The other way) we said(say) that one day is the other(amount of) time of the year we spent(need to spend), y- _1 l$ v0 j, N8 q, e4 a
completely around the process(on axis). that managery one round still afamury earth from the north sun(And the imagery line runs through the center of the earth from north to south). And of course, there are a lot of physical force(causes) that can affect the speed(spin旋转)% f8 R2 X$ k3 v+ _2 [$ p% y
of the earth cation(rotation旋转) but there is only one that can direct result of the humary(human) activity. At(Since) 1950, human beings have built about 10 thousand artificial reserves(reservoirs水库) all ove the reserves have brillivated(have redistributed重新分配) tremendous amount of some (the earth)water. What usually (When they are used to) be in the areas near crater(the equator) but manage land runs(and the imagery line on) around (surround)the middle of the earth it is now the reservoirs leads to(in the areas of) different attitude(latitudes). The land could be(latitude纬度) matter because, well, never be earth accesses(think of the earth and its axis). The equator contains the areas on the earth that are the farthest way from the process(axis). Though(so) water has been read actorial (redistributed from the equator) reasons. Then wherever the water is, to it is closer to the access(earth axis).it is like when ice skaters perform stands(spins) when moskiter(those skaters) put their arms in close(enclose围绕) to their bodies when stay so(they spin) faster, so the earth has been(is spinning) faster because the (reservoirs) have redistributed the water closer to accese(its axis).And it caused (because) the earth spenting (is spinning) faster(fast), since 1950 the length of day has decreased by a 0.8 (about 8) million of a second. I know that does not sound like2 ?! W! u0 @, T8 {+ [! d
much but for Missigen(significant) in that this is the first time that human beings have ever had maroble(miserable可怜的，简陋的) affect on the earth motion.

由于太恶心了，所以去调整了两天的心态，现在还没完全调整过来，不过，我知道必须努力……

6 `1 p6 y9 x4 u5 F& RFirst of all, let's look why the temperature tend to be higher in the cities(city) in the world'(rural) area. This happens because of almost 60(50) percent of urbanist(the urban areas)
+ n9 v% ]  A# U" S1 N" E" I* ?7 \) dused to compare p) u5 u9 p" P% K1 r7 e
like pagestakes(are comprised of hard surfaces like paved street), packing lot ,and building and roof
& l  F2 K0 Q) W$ ilock(tops). As the result, any amount of rai fall is quickly repair(repelled) bodies(by this) service and carried away by storm judges(drains and gutters). Aventurall(Especially) water just does never (doesn’t have)chance to stand around the vabry and still
' }/ p5 {: p2 qof the vabry (until evaporate and during the process of the evaporation)that hit(heat) is removed from the air. So in cities when(where) there is less of laboration (evaporation) temperature will be higher and of course there are also the(be) issue of added hit(heat) coming from building feeling(heating) system from industry, cars and even new in(human) body. Even it was(we being in the) city itself, temperature can vary significantly. For example, in winter, streets that get a lot of use will be a lot of use will be 2 or 3 degrees warmer than that(less) travel streets. And(In) place with (where) cars six for mile wide(sits for a while like a ) stoplight can fit (be in another) 3 degrees warmer. On the other hand, lost bus(low spots) in the city where cold there claps(air collect) will be much colder than higher places. Rain and snowfall are also affected by the urbanisation(urbanization). Cities can(tend to) get fairly(quite) less sno fall than the surrounding countryside because of the warmer temperatures in the city. But rainfall in the city can be 5 temperature(to 10 percent) higher. This (That) happens because of two factors, first the warmer city temperatures, and the second, the larger number of dust particles in urban near(air). it is(seems) dust patical(particles) there are powder(important) requirement for cadonsation (condensation). The water they bri(vapor in the atmosphere) was(is) able to change to liquid by planning to dust particles to spend(suspended), v1 p: W7 i8 T5 D2 l4 w
in the air. So where there is the higher number of the dust particles, cars and station(condensation) take place more easily. that's why far(fog) and claud(clouds) that there are usually more frequent around the city. Once common facion(condensation) takes place the rainfall is not formed(far) behind. In the London nary(area), for example, sun/ `9 p5 R" Q' K5 ]: v7 F
storm(thunderstorms) can produce 30% more rainfall than the surrounding countryside. Some urban planet-gist(climatologists) go so far so(as they) argue beckon(that you can) see a partry(pattern) increasing the rainfall during the workweek. They believe rainfall among(amounts) there are smaller at(around) weekend because the dust part go (particles) generated by cars and factories are reduced。

如题～～是吗？？$ a" ]+ M: j: m' G
只能这么鼓励自己了……
0 _+ O, H, P4 Y加油！！！

5月20日

错误的，眼睛和耳朵不认识的，没有听清楚的，去掉的

答案：第一次一半听一半蒙的，全对了！！！激动……

" _- q! T' I  {) @I often hear my friends say that the days pass much more quickly than they used to. But the geologists(geologically) speaking just the opposite is true. In fact, a complete day which now lasts 24 hours actually used to be much shorter only about 18. As(How) do we know that, because of numbers(a number) of finally strike(strata stratum的复数，地层，层，社会阶层) rocks like these. Rocks formed along(belong)
% n/ Q$ |5 B# O! O' uAsian(ancient) shortlines(shorelines海岸线) almost billion years ago. The tiny lines in this example(of these samples) show us layer of the light and dark formed by dust borrown of(blown over) the shoreline
+ Q5 |- W2 d2 X5 w& T" G% l  a+ _& qfrom the lineside(landsite). Alternating with(was) the mountain(mud and) sand that producted(deposited储存，放置) by the waves. So the space between one dark stry(strata)
" N; c7 P% n* J( t0 jand the next reference(emphases) of the time between one monthly hight(on month high tide潮，趋势) and the next. And vary(very) in fitness of layer show us the circle of reasons(the seasons) as well. Together the date(data) indicate that there were fewer months for year we(way) back them(then). That means that the moon was moving more slowly than that(as it) revolved around year(the earth). So what caused the moon do speed up so much over the last billion years. It moves to be in types(must be the tides). Think about it. As the gravely(gravity) of the moon pulls on the oceans perform types(to form the tides), or(all) that water is also pulling on the moon and with etroratation(each rotation) that(it) makes the moon move a tiny bit faster. and be(At the) same time, like the breaks on the relate(wheel of) bicycle, the dry(drag拉，拖，落后，拖延，牵引) caused by the moon's gravly(gravity) makes the earth turn just a tiny bit slower. And so after a billion years or so, one rotation meaning one day takes a lot longer than it once did.