7月31日

小马分类上---------生物学—第八篇（cognition）

错误的，意识中不记得的，没有听清楚的，去掉的

All right, Jamens Claud(Jenison and Clod) have been assigned to read part of our discussion today on animal carnation(cognition 认识，认识力)， are you both ready?

Well Claud now(Clod and I) looked into tool making abilities of wild animals, and they came across an article about how a scientist named Gavin Hunt has claimed to discover a britive(breed种 of) crow which (with)superior tool making abilities. He claims that the tools these birds make are different from the tools that other animals make in several ways. For one thing, the crows make different types of tools for different situations. Also the tools are very specicated(sophisticated). for example, they design tool with hooks, which they used when they looking for food. And third Ah, Clod, what is the third thing?

" \& t/ ?! m0 Y+ Ihe claims that crows may actually intentionally motephosis(modify) their tools to specific shapes before using them. Other animals like sea ottas(otters水獭) do use stones to pepan(pound连续重击) open the shells of crab and not(another) prey. And chimpanzees have been observed have pressure(puzzle) be might find (modifying)leaves to use them barras(as umbrellas). but these activities don't meet all three criti(criteria标准)7 G) J! E7 ~, {2 M5 c1 C+ T
for plants(planned) tool making.1 `$ f* h4 E- ~& M; g

Yeah, and these crows even keep tract of their tools when they change hunting sites. For example, they generally take their tools with them, and when they eat, they usually hold onto their tools with their feet.

Interesting, and what is the significance of Hunt's study?

Well some scientists argued that crows may have been born with this behavior, that is how it(But if Hunt) can prove that they really do intentionally motephis(modify) their tools, their behavior will be measurably different from that of other animals, and could be considered canitive(cognitive认识的，认知的).

" y8 |4 ~1 W% ~Right！No other wild animal has the ability to design, make and standardize tools, this ability was thought to be unique to human.

8月1日

错误的，意识中不记得的，没有听清楚的，去掉的

For the next a couple of weeks, we will be focusing on how animals communicate with each other. Up to now we have a rather none of you
/ G! P( z; s  i* L7 R1 uinvolve(narrow view of vocal口头的，发声的)- R! F7 F/ r& {2 ]8 M# B& N- o
warning that animals give to each other. Some recent research indicates that basic(this)3 S; d" R% a! ~* I' h
communication is a lot more complex than we’ve traditionally thought, let me give you an example. Take prairie dogs, of course they are not really dogs at all, but one of(wild) rodents who live on plains in the western part of the United States. In case you can't visualize them, let me describe them to you. they are about stick(as big as) squirrel but without pushing(the bushy灌木丛？？) tail. And unlike squirrels, they live in holes in the ground, and they stand(spend) a lot of time just outside their holes, because they have a lot enemies. Hawks, coyotes 郊狼，humans……you name it, when they respond(spot看出 a) potential threat, they bark to one of(warn their) neighbors and then they escape down into their holes. Big deal you say, well, it turns out, they can differ arranges(differentiate区别) among predators. Researchers discovered that the bark differs for different predators, coyotes warnings are different from people warnings for instance. But it goes deeper than that, there is actually evidence that the barks differentiate between individual predators of the same species. The researchers found, for example, that the prairie dogs have a different bark for each member of the research team.

小白是谁？？小白是谁？？

引用:

原帖由 scarletla 于 2008-8-1 13:49 发表 * l, {% B& O5 }6 S
小白是谁？？小白是谁？？

小白是。。。。。。啊哈哈哈哈 落落的。。。。。

我飘过~~~~~漂过~~~~~~~~~' O3 C+ }6 F; t( Y
我什么都不知道…………………………………………

落落心虚

落落~你怎么能背着我爱别人呢？？？？

没没没~~~~我一定等着你的相亲大会~~~~~

哈哈，虽然我不水了，可是落落，原来你～～～
6 f2 A* s& }- |' E  D6 Y, Y可怜的小白！～

飘过！) R/ m0 L& n8 \# h8 ^6 o3 }9 ?( q8 X
ls的我没看见阿) \! f7 l5 T& d$ q0 x) i, L! i
给落落加油！