2. 排除列举题& }* Y; s% ]" x
The geology of the Earth's surface isdominated by the particular properties of water.Present on Earth insolid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. Itdissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and isconstantly Line modifying the face of the Earth.(5) Evaporated from theoceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by windover the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides theessential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto theground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers,constituting what are called the hydrographic network. This immensepolarized network channels the water toward a single recepatcle: anocean.(10) Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle becausewater tends to minimize its potential energy by running from highaltitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.' @. A( K3 m1 W: G* R
Therate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is notrandom but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs.If we define residence time as the(15) average time for a watermolecule to pass throught one of the three reservoirs—atmosphere,continent, and ocean—we see that the times are very different. A watermolecule stays, on average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundredyears on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This lastfigure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir ofthe hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water(20) transport on thecontinents. A vast chemical separation process takes places during theflow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium,sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported.Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they areand form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow.Sometimes(25) soils are destroyed and transported mechanically duringflooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closelylinked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanicalerosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend ondifferent factors.9 k' b. Y8 f' O- ?, E( C2 z
]5 b7 V4 }/ X+ U. N( w, @8. All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT- K3 T2 p |- h3 \
(A) magnesium( x7 U: C. W$ R" z+ T3 y
(B) iron2 `/ r7 t& L6 b( d0 A
(C) potassium, ^- {1 D/ H5 a X t5 C
(D) calcium5 i! G; u, b6 S
答案：B6 a* n+ m \4 I9 E6 ]
9 p$ A% k- d$ i/ S/ y$ k" g The canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds aplethora of climbing mammals of moderately large size, which mayinclude monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines. Smaller species,including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, are not Line asprevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in mosthabitats globally.(5)Small mammals, being warm blooded, suffer hardshipin the exposed and turbulent environment of the uppermost trees.Because a small body has more surface area per unit of weight than alarge one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more swiftly.
% F2 u5 C+ v! R0 X6 s Thus, in the trees, where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce andconditions may fluctuate, a small mammal may have trouble maintainingits body temperature.(10)Small size makes it easy to scramble amongtwigs and branches in the canopy for insects, flowers, or fruit, butsmall mammals are surpassed, in the competition for food, by large onesthat have their own tactics for browsing among food-rich twigs.Theweight of a gibbon (a small ape) hanging below a branch arches theterminal leaves down so that fruit-bearing foliage drops toward thegibbon's face. Walking or, E U$ G4 \& t! p% C, X
(15) leaping species of a similar or evenlarger size access the outer twigs either by snapping off andretrieving the whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with thefeet or tail and plucking food with their hands.
' y- G7 Q+ D3 G0 x Small climbinganimals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than forlarge climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from on tree crown to thenext that(20) typify the high canopy. A macaque or gibbon can hurlitself farther than a mouse can: it can achieve a running start, and itcan more effectively use a branch as a springboard, even bouncing on alimb several times before jumping. The forward movement of a smallanimal is seriously reduced by the air friction against the relativelylarge surface area of its body. Finally, for the many small mammalsthat supplement their insect(25) diet with fruits or seeds, aninability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic,since trees that yield these foods can be sparse.
$ h& x# p/ }1 g
- {# p$ o8 |% {3 Q2. Which of the following animals is less common in the upper canopy than in other environments?
6 F( P$ r# F3 S# T) s8 u) T3 p2 ^ (A) Monkeys9 i; W: K; H; R
(B) Cats2 |' {$ h ~ B. X' U8 t* p/ Y
(C) Porcupines8 R: T8 l& U8 P5 h/ N4 L
(D) Mice
4 T7 i/ X, b/ W4 E3 p" L1 ^ % |3 h+ |" }' K4 M- V( V3 {. }
答案：D
3 d3 X$ V9 v2 f! V' J5 J' W( H# YDuring the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the# C; i' O+ A; L! `) S3 y
contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly
4 Q1 i$ a9 p5 H* H formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power,8 u/ c7 } y! p) K) Q
Line women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some- k7 h9 X# R# F3 m* z# c
(5) significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best
$ ^2 d& ~7 Z# z& L; }( m0 e contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important4 o8 p3 j# s% K- j$ |
letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second( k0 M% y! a! R" }% I" I2 i" U
President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions.% h7 A4 o2 s ?1 V3 m) E
During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.
8 ?: f- K5 ^# v: ~; E(10) Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts
! W( G* {; j/ l% c9 s1 o( \1 U of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male
$ N' V3 @) t# B# `/ ?) a% f2 C: [. j counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and' P4 K1 v/ f, z! c
they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.
/ o# w, t. @' o3 n# a* x+ m3 k During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of
' T" t# ~! m, i: S O(15) history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National,& J" u% E' q7 ` F% y
regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal- B$ J: V/ [+ p. q. L0 V; k0 p% a: H
correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources
3 W A5 F4 \9 \ form the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States; one
# ]! Q- B, [, X1 d O6 O at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College, and the other the & Q9 W# N$ G% K& c$ Q& L6 T
(20) Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable: f. Q6 J; D& {3 M! u
materials for later generations of historians.
3 h* P& g% ]0 d# ]7 v% H Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the * Y" J4 N6 q# W8 Q1 c
nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the "great women"
* {) w: O- o. O0 Z9 U) l4 ]3 @" \! X theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on "great& W" k9 l$ D: t( |1 r. `
(25) men." To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American5 }* \1 d/ {8 s# W
life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies. or else important
9 t' r" b& \; s/ J1 }7 P women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public
& E6 B- R8 A- L) b% G; J life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not+ v3 o( ?- a# X% [& t
representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people1 g- C) \7 }; f6 ` s+ q0 v, O: v9 g
(30) continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.* U$ W) e7 A% b; o! T2 X$ A/ e& D
4 m5 Q8 R/ M4 b0 ? U u$ v
9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century "great women" EXCEPT: _5 b8 x: K& S( a
(A) authors& J1 e& F$ A2 }+ o
(B) reformers) ?# }3 n" |8 Y7 M: l" @6 X
(C) activists for women's rights
0 F5 C6 h7 ` { (D) politicians5 |0 B8 ] p5 x4 l; G6 t0 @
答案：D8 |, O$ c3 R1 H+ K! U. ]6 I* ]" W, \
: }" |4 S3 V' G- B4 `. D" W+ c Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other: C: J6 G( \4 p4 z" g! }% ^6 C
being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of
7 O; v/ S5 Z3 P$ K9 c0 P glass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the- |! G' r# x* i% ?5 p
Line product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and ) u' o Q" }: s1 A9 a2 z1 P
(5) vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need( U# w8 U8 J( d
hardly be stressed.
' \8 Z* ~- ]3 e# ~3 m Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass-or soap-
. }2 r! b! M4 O! v9 R2 ]# G making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain
2 R/ ]" a E+ C; x! k u+ w Mediterranean sea plants, potash from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was
. E7 V) B) w$ D: z8 u) H. Z6 Z(10) more familiar to the early European settlers of the North American continent.5 I3 b( n9 |* o a. i, ?; d
The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the
! }, t8 R- }1 B8 R& J economy of colonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was
: r2 @8 x- `) m% s# \0 \ required for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in' Z+ M( \% b& P: Q
sufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of
! R; r C( v% {- S(15) Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among its z7 X' y, d s) X
passengers experts in potash making.
0 K6 x5 P/ ]: B/ F; d: W The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs were piled up and burned in
r0 w2 b# T. F3 c( C9 s6 a the open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the8 a- t! D: q! E# R$ [- o
bottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was
) y `, W: E; V3 E4 _2 z1 W( O(20) boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into
; x! E/ M# V; ?. u what was called potash." p+ a% _. r' @- f5 o# f
In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of8 i5 r7 F; s; b v9 o6 O6 `
land for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land
& v" U( S) o7 O4 D$ F. p" h could be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New
0 u& b' u, E/ e: { V( R) A. v2 }(25) Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic,
, G, c/ O4 h7 N) v9 f' \' z6 P consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite3 w$ S ^) V( Z; a- P: a
the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts "to' w$ k' f5 n6 V `; R
encourage the making of potash," beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods; ^( R7 E+ j5 J7 t
in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance.8 k! m/ o6 v H; {6 a( C
0 ]+ K# Q& s- c) Z- s1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss?
/ }* o/ p4 `& N! j0 c5 A5 Z% Y- R5 C (A) How it was made5 [# i- f; \# C" ~. @9 C1 `/ |
(B) Its value as a product for export- p" B( O ?: g. R2 W5 L
(C) How it differs from other alkalis8 C9 B9 ]/ T; x% b4 v* q; X7 j
(D) Its importance in colonial North America
5 I$ T4 J) _) P, k2 W答案：C
$ \! p9 B. P2 e6 d. ~4 X( M2 z3 _
& \5 B# L6 y& h0 a2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT:
7 ]/ d1 \0 V+ W9 k4 D! P- Q (A) They are alkalis.
5 ?7 g' W- N5 A5 Y! S9 g6 e (B) They are made from sea plants.
8 N9 n1 V: k+ u; \6 z+ [ (C) They are used in making soap.
, n) K/ e* f; a5 I3 I( h" o (D) They are used in making glass.
6 x3 K. g" p" p5 i答案：B& x: I9 B8 P: R% }/ Z
# E& v7 R9 _% g# a5 w
7. According to paragraph 4, all of following were needed for making potash EXCEPT8 v7 l4 s8 c) Y {8 O
(A) wood
' J) w0 _. T6 g4 K, j (B) fire
+ M& c. ] W" K! T (C) sand" C6 Q, A' `3 m. q' o
(D) water1 M7 w( C. s& }) d* I, F: O4 C0 v6 E
答案：C
~% X6 \# R9 H' l" OIn July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously
% d' h6 W7 R* H0 b5 h$ a: G watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of7 l+ D2 i% n- Y( q# @2 X+ \
Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 99 K M( j, M2 _1 S$ s% G3 M
Line after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out
/ I: ^5 R" s5 p6 X. P(5) along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first* Q, Q3 N( k1 L2 v5 A! {8 \
glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly
1 }& i5 u8 }" V; H" Z3 ~ scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant
4 O9 J$ C# L5 g9 }2 S% q planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire O. d0 q, ?; K1 W! ]2 O, V* k7 e
that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed
, {6 r* E/ j1 u8 Z, Q(10) at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was
, i3 m4 g6 n! ?/ G. p. Y" Y transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the4 G( Z ~5 ?/ D+ p" ]
tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues form these explo-
0 s- o" ~" K6 d( ^7 s' i sions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to4 j6 B- z9 M. J- M) r' m% `
from dark ribbons.6 p, C/ \8 a. j4 ?
(15) Although this impact event was of considerable scientific importance, it especially piqued4 W! y% O S* w4 m' r
public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television
' r: j/ ^- D9 X0 W newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific+ S% s, Q6 Z% p
endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before
9 O6 V g9 T. x our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the
: k5 N6 R& `) p. @! B3 [(20) fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catstrophe by random
. E- \* e8 o* s' P" Z% y assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not) Y/ T1 R% n6 J
have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary explo-
, I+ N) h% c( T$ R ration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in7 H( F# V" }0 F! y% i& }; I4 W% Q
geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system.
/ [* I- _4 g3 ]' W# o
8 X! z- y0 `$ O; V3. The author compares the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 to all of the following EXCEPT
( Y" g- f4 K. ]8 e$ } (A) a dismembered body
, N4 `1 ~- B1 Z (B) a train: b) _& W% n" R, s0 O/ m; c8 L
(C) a pearl necklace 0 \* y/ A" ~& \6 O
(D) a giant planet( H6 {5 m K" v4 b8 L& G. g. m
答案：D
$ x* r4 w3 J& T! O% l$ J, B7 f. [" ]* w% Y
By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and
5 l7 u7 [! ?* e. U$ _ nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or6 u6 j5 _" ~2 }" V) Q0 k
wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning and1 d5 h. M8 D# _; J2 Z( f$ E8 B2 C5 S
Line weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during2 k1 E' d& F1 z
(5) this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. American
$ y# H1 M3 s2 r' R* W producers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton
# c' Z5 D; Z3 S9 k" g/ V gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separating% h4 h) {3 q8 L. @, y& I; g9 d
the fiber—or lint—from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton was
0 j& g: I9 n8 @' K, m% l" F relatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were- _, p5 g/ j6 W$ A
(10) concentrated at the base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available+ Y3 M- P& v- H+ f5 e3 O
only along the nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter# s( P0 ]0 W8 k$ v5 H1 T2 @
growing season, but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that a
7 x/ N; j6 s4 I0 T+ P worker could hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-" k! k$ c" b h- `' _) Q
powered machine with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from
( C8 }' h8 ]7 } H& p: V(15) seeds. Using the gin, a worker could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. The later- e* w1 b" b: H# W% m" @" r# F
development of larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity
3 m+ j: _. ~" N1 U' k! H, k* L! O+ J further.: s _) P" ]" U. Y& G
The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of
9 {0 D# f9 K l5 y# `2 p7 H the cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American+ n, }$ G7 Z" S# K( ^
(20) export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total American
) W9 A; N8 o" O8 a! T/ T; z/ \) d exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share in
1 H: W+ ]8 ^( F. R" @ 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton.
& ^& A e: u/ t* U- M& a In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American& N; p& I$ c; j% U
exports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The! \" u R5 w) Q% \" ?0 T3 d# @
(25) growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an
; O1 f1 A2 w) K unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the. p6 t4 I% n& F# Z
United States—west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.
% h9 w7 L' ^( g( m* d & {) t& V$ t% j, ~& C* P
3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT! X7 ^* q7 D. Z- H
(A) cotton's softness
4 {, R* S: E2 y) P; O (B) cotton's ease of processing
3 z: e$ C2 v$ F, I6 l (C) a shortage of flax and wool
% @6 Q+ B0 a- p) y (D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry.$ L) K1 [' u0 v' I6 `: \+ h
答案：C. E; h0 `1 {9 S! X, z* s" ~
Flatfish
5 _, ]# x3 {9 B: ~6 L Members of the flatfish family, sanddabs and flounders, have an evolutionary advantage over many colorfullydecorated ocean neighbors in that they are able to adapt their bodycoloration to different environments. These aquatic chameleons haveflattened bodies that are well-suited to life along the ocean floor inthe shallower areas of the continental shelf that they inhabit. Theyalso have remarkably sensitive color vision that registers the subtlestgradations on the sea bottom and in the sea life around them.Information about the coloration of the environment is carried throughthe nervous system to chromatophores, which are pigment-carrying skincells. These chromatophores are able to accurately reproduce not onlythe colors but also the texture of the ocean floor. Each time that asand dab or flounder finds itself in a new environment, the pattern onthe body of the fish adapts to fit in with the color and texture aroundit." b+ w- S4 ^9 u4 J L, l- G
4 ^, d. I+ H# M1. It is NOT stated in the passage that sand dabs7 W' u2 W) S0 O5 G( i' K
A are a type of flatfish5 H% i z/ V' v+ w6 B9 o* O! I
B are in the same family as flounders) M9 l! F0 {0 ?% u
C have evolved/ y7 ^6 w) y. l
D are colorfully decorated: c' T- @. |% o" P7 a# o
# W$ c1 @: {# c2. According to the passages, it is NOT true that sand dabs and flounders
. J4 w, \& e. \" ~1 ]3 V5 H A have flattened bodies
. W& O$ i: I- k+ `8 x B live along the ocean floor. |. B5 L+ {( `3 I
C live in the deepest part of the ocean; E- S7 n# M# q" V3 d
D live along the continental shelf! L, t; k Q G% O% c3 s
) ^3 q% K0 K" u$ S# {% {
3. All of the following are stated about the vision of sand dabs and flounders EXCEPT that they are
5 |- \; z" O2 j1 f4 |/ G- v* v( R A overly sensitive to light
3 m. G, z6 V/ f6 z B able to see colors4 @. a L+ @) M& L: @2 ]- W
C able to see the sea bottom
) n2 K+ B# B& h p2 K% U D aware of their surroundings
P" f2 s* y2 n' s/ z, \' a: l $ H* C h: E0 E
4. It is NOT true that chromatophores
3 O4 G+ y6 R6 w, w& I6 A" y7 D. O A are skin cells
) d4 `- y8 u( h. Y B carry pigment
( t j0 ?( j) B" [6 \7 _ C adapt to surrounding colors3 @/ X! U( s( D* _+ u9 f
D change the ocean floor( K% c. a/ M% m
" q' S! s* |- Q6 [4 d# B. }
5. It is NOT mentioned in the passage that sand dabs and flounders
4 |& x% X/ }9 S- @4 b1 i A move to new environments$ I% ]: g8 ?. Z0 J: H4 e) g
B adapt their behavior& a( ?: s3 x$ U
C can change color, O* G4 H! X1 w- ?* ]. d
D adapt to textures around them4 C+ u) }/ p5 l9 H: C$ b% K5 _
0 z* x& a; L- L+ F' G参考答案：DCADB' F6 D0 v0 m, v7 z$ i
$ u0 ]! @4 y' E9 d, c, e% R Wrigley's Chewing Gum' P2 L/ x. ]3 z5 J
1 Wrigley's chewing gum was actually developed as a premium to be givenaway with other products rather than as a primary product for sale. Asa teenager, William Wrigley Jr. was working for his father in Chicagoselling soap that had been manufactured in his cents, and this sellingprice did not leave a good profit margin for the merchants. Wrigleyconvinced his father to raise the price to ten cents and to give awaycheap umbrellas as a premium for the merchants. This workedsuccessfully, confirming to Wrigley that the use of premiums was aneffective sales tool.
, d; [) V! l) M2 Wrigley then established his own company;in his company he was selling soap as a wholesaler, giving baking sodaaway as a premium, and using a cookbook to promote each deal. Overtime, the baking soda and cookbook became more popular than the soap,so Wrigley began a new operation selling baking soda. He began huntingfor a new premium item to give away with sales of baking soda; he soondecided on chewing gum. Once again, when Wrigley realized that demandfor the premium was stronger than the demand for the original product,he created the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company to produce and sell chewing gum.: G. C. B! |; i2 ]: b: X. r6 {
3 Wrigley started out with two brands of gum, Vassar and Lotta Gum, andsoon introduced Juicy Fruit and Spearment. The latter two brands grewin popularity, while the first two were phased out. Juicy Fruit andSpearment are two of Wrigley's main brands to this day.
+ c' v* K; \! b+ ^" s1 [& g3 D ) X4 ^* V4 Y, S, F0 _; Q: r
11. It is NOT indicated in paragraph 1 that young William was working 7 c a+ |1 Z( n0 r ^/ O5 J
A in Chicago
8 j% D' k _- b B for his father 0 P/ ?4 |0 D! n M# C
C as a soap salesman
9 Z; @' d( u G( V% ^. e D in his father's factory8 e& K4 u7 M! `" `& {0 N) w9 u
9 m7 A. B1 Q K! O1 f
12. According to paragraph 1, it is NOT true that the soap that young Wrigley was selling
. c x9 v e5 {2 M A was originally well-liked! q. F- f& q5 S! J# g
B was originally priced at five cents
* } L q2 [, O+ p8 R( W C originally provided little profit for merchants# U# E6 V7 a1 I' ]7 _1 H% l! N
D eventually became more popular with merchants
) ]( v7 R# n9 |7 E5 L' h4 p6 { : C& K" ~6 E! X: D T4 U5 g
13. According to paragraph 2, it is NOT true that, when Wrigley first founded his own company, he was : K# h( L, x9 h8 j1 r# j' V9 z1 ]
A selling soap
, J0 ~; H2 T, F; @8 Z# ] B selling chewing gum, {" U. R& v2 k% w4 @
C giving away cookbooks
/ ~) w. n! I, p6 t, a" y% M# z D using baking soda as a premium* U, d2 M6 O9 v6 M
* l) |$ K. m& y- g1 f! F3 {& W; `' |+ I1 f14. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that Wrigley later5 O& b$ ~- I' n3 s" O H
A sold baking soda
9 t1 C+ x* G8 {3 ^/ _& I5 A B used chewing gun as a premium to sell baking soda/ `& l& _! R6 D% d. I! p
C sold chewing gum
7 H3 n8 V5 k9 y D used baking soda as a premium to sell chewing gum [) |( j4 @" T' O1 J/ x
$ u! R& z$ M% g/ P$ _# c
15. According to paragraph 3, the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company did all of the following EXCEPT: x$ B% O0 X! w' y
A begin with two brands of gum. y1 r0 h8 d3 N" k9 _
B add new brands to the original two
) j' K" H: ?9 R+ n C phase out the last two brands
K2 b0 N5 o% K# G1 e! D: j5 w D phase out the first two brands
) P1 { f* R* R( K, V' k参考答案：DABDC
