2006年10月GRE考试真题答案及反义解析
反义解析
2006/10
Section 2
28. PANORAMIC::
(A) unjust
(B) unattractive
(C) unintelligible
(D) narrow
(E) parallel
全景的
不公平的
不吸引人的, 不引人注意的
难以理解的
狭窄的
平行的;类似的
[词义]
panoramic adj. 全景的; 全貌的
a : CYCLORAMA 1 b : a picture exhibited a part at a time by being unrolled before the spectator
2a : an unobstructed or complete view of an area in every direction b :a comprehensive presentation of a subject *a panorama of Americanhistory* c : RANGE
3 : a mental picture of a series of images or events
[分析]
panoramic的特征是在视野上一览无遗，不受限制。
29. LIKEN::
(A) disguise
(B) contrast
比做
伪装;掩饰
对比;对照
[词义]
liken v. 把...比作...
: COMPARE
[分析]
注意compare是比较两者的相同点，而contrast是比较两者的不同点。
30. CAUSTIC::
(A) mild
腐蚀性的;刻薄的adj.
温和的
[词义]
caustic adj. 腐蚀性的;刻薄的; n. 腐蚀剂
a.
: capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action : CORROSIVE
2 : marked by incisive sarcasm
3 : relating to or being the surface or curve of a caustic
synonymsCAUSTIC, MORDANT, ACRID, SCATHING mean stingingly incisive. CAUSTICsuggests a biting wit *caustic comments*. MORDANT suggests a wit thatis used with deadly effectiveness *mordant reviews of the play*. ACRIDimplies bitterness and often malevolence *acrid invective*. SCATHINGimplies indignant attacks delivered with fierce severity *a scathingsatire*.
n.
1 : a caustic agent: as a : a substance that burns or destroys organic tissue by chemical action b : SODIUM HYDROXIDE
2 : the envelope of rays emanating from a point and reflected or refracted by a curved surface
[分析]
CAUSTIC <> innocuous <> palliating <> smooth
31. STASIS::
(A) period of change
静态;停滞
变化时期
[词义]
stasis n. 静态;停滞
1: a slowing or stoppage of the normal flow of a bodily fluid orsemifluid: as a : slowing of the current of circulating blood b :reduced motility of the intestines with retention of feces
2 a : astate of static balance or equilibrium : STAGNATION b : a state orperiod of stability during which little or no evolutionary change in alineage occurs
32. WINDFALL::
(A) formal requirement
(B) legal acquisition
(C) unrealized prophecy
(D) unexpected backset
意外的好运
正式的需求
合法的所得
未实现的预言
意想不到的挫折
[词义]
windfall n.风吹落的果实; 意外的好运
1 : something (as a tree or fruit) blown down by the wind
2 : an unexpected, unearned, or sudden gain or advantage
[分析]
windfall主要强调意外的收获，而这种所得并没有合法与非法的。
33. HARDIHOOD::
(A) simplicity
(B) timorous
(C) discretion
大胆,鲁莽
简易;直率
胆小
谨慎;判断力
[词义]
hardihood n. 大胆, 鲁莽
a : resolute courage and fortitude b : resolute and self-assured audacity often carried to the point of impudent insolence
2 : VIGOR, ROBUSTNESS
synonyms see TEMERITY
timorous adj. 胆小的, 胆怯的
1 : of a timid disposition : FEARFUL *reproached myself with being so timorous and cautious — Daniel Defoe*
2 : expressing or suggesting timidity *proceed with doubtful and timorous steps — Edward Gibbon*
discretion n. 谨慎, 审慎
1 : the quality of being discreet : CIRCUMSPECTION; especially : cautious reserve in speech
2 : ability to make responsible decisions
3a : individual choice or judgment *left the decision to hisdiscretion* b : power of free decision or latitude of choice withincertain legal bounds *reached the age of discretion*
4 : the result of separating or distinguishing
34. DISSONANCE::
(A) euphony
不和谐(的音调)
悦耳的语音
[词义]
dissonance n. 不和谐(的音调)
1a : lack of agreement; especially : inconsistency between thebeliefs one holds or between one's actions and one's beliefs — compareCOGNITIVE DISSONANCE b : an instance of such inconsistency ordisagreement
2 : a mingling of discordant sounds; especially : a clashing or unresolved musical interval or chord
euphony n. 悦耳的语音
1 : pleasing or sweet sound; especially : the acoustic effect produced by words so formed or combined as to please the ear
2 : a harmonious succession of words having a pleasing sound
35. DISSIPATE::
(A) arrange
(B) conserve
驱散
排列;安排
保存
[词义]
dissipate v. (使)驱散; 浪费
transitive verb
1a : to break up and drive off (as a crowd) b : to cause to spread thinor scatter and gradually vanish *one's sympathy is eventuallydissipated — Andrew Feinberg* c : to lose (as heat or electricity)irrecoverably
2 : to spend or use up wastefully or foolishly *dissipated the family fortune in reckless business ventures*
intransitive verb
1 : to break up and scatter or vanish *the clouds soon dissipated* *the team's early momentum has dissipated*
2 : to be extravagant or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure; especially : to drink to excess
synonyms see SCATTER
conserve v. 保全, 保存
v.
1: to keep in a safe or sound state *he conserved hisinheritance*; especially : to avoid wasteful or destructive useof *conserve natural resources*
2 : to preserve with sugar
3 : to maintain (a quantity) constant during a process of chemical, physical, or evolutionary change *conserved DNA sequences*
n.
1 : SWEETMEAT; especially : a candied fruit
2 : PRESERVE; specifically : one prepared from a mixture of fruits
[分析]
dissipate是使散开并消失，有一个递减的过程。Arrange在程度、数量上没有变化，只是顺序上的重新排列。Conserve是避免数量上的减少。
DISSIPATE <> gather <> amass <> accumulate
36. RETIRING::
(A) indulge
(B) assertive
(C) professional
(D) insensitive
(E) virulent
害羞的;隐居的
放纵
断定的;自信的
专业的;职业的
感觉迟钝的
剧毒的;恶毒的
[词义]
retiring adj. 隐居的, 不爱交际的; 害羞的
: RESERVED, SHY
reserved adj. 说话不多的
1 : restrained in words and actions
2 : kept or set apart or aside for future or special use
synonyms see SILENT
indulge v. 放纵
transitive verb
1 a : to give free rein to b : to take unrestrained pleasure in : GRATIFY
2a : to yield to the desire of : HUMOR *please indulge me for amoment* b : to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, orconsideration
intransitive verb : to indulge oneself
synonymsINDULGE, PAMPER, HUMOR, SPOIL, BABY, MOLLYCODDLE mean to show unduefavor to a person's desires and feelings. INDULGE implies excessivecompliance and weakness in gratifying another's or one's owndesires *indulged myself with food at the slightest excuse*. PAMPERimplies inordinate gratification of desire for luxury and comfort withconsequent enervating effect *pampered by the amenities of modernliving*. HUMOR stresses a yielding to a person's moods orwhims *humored him by letting him tell the story*. SPOIL stresses theinjurious effects on character by indulging or pampering *foolishparents spoil their children*. BABY suggests excessive care, attention,or solicitude *babying students by grading too easily*. MOLLYCODDLEsuggests an excessive degree of care and attention to another's healthor welfare *refused to mollycoddle her malingering son*.
assertive adj. 果断的, 断言的
1 : disposed to or characterized by bold or confident assertion *an assertive leader*
2 : having a strong or distinctive flavor or aroma *assertive wines*
synonyms see AGGRESSIVE
[分析]
retiring是一种沉默拘束的状态，而assertive在言行上与之相反，坚定而有进取心。Indulge是对个人欲望的过度放纵。
37. GAINFUL::
(A) unoccupied
(B) unremunerative
有利可图的
未占用的
无报酬的;无利可获的
[词义]
gainful adj. 有利可图的
: productive of gain : PROFITABLE *gainful employment*
38. DISAFFECTED::
(A) content
(B) beloved
不满的
满意的adj.
心爱的
[词义]
disaffected adj. (政治上)不满的, 叛离的
: discontented and resentful especially against authority : REBELLIOUS *disaffected youth*
content adj. 知足的, 满意的; n. 内容;满意
a. : CONTENTED, SATISFIED *was content with her life as it was*
v.
1 : to appease the desires of
2 : to limit (oneself) in requirements, desires, or actions
n.
1
: CONTENTMENT *ate to his heart's content*
2
1a : something contained — usually used in plural *the jar'scontents* *the drawer's contents* b : the topics or matter treated ina written work *table of contents* c : the principal substance (aswritten matter, illustrations, or music) offered by a World Wide Website *Internet users have evolved an ethos of free content in theInternet — Ben Gerson*
2 a : SUBSTANCE, GIST b : MEANING,SIGNIFICANCE c : the events, physical detail, and information in awork of art — compare FORM 10b
3 a : the matter dealt with in a field of study b : a part, element, or complex of parts
4 : the amount of specified material contained : PROPORTION
beloved adj. 心爱的
: dearly loved : dear to the heart
Section 4
28. TARRY::
(A) take action
耽搁
采取行动
[词义]
tarry v. 徘徊, 耽搁
v.
1 a : to delay or be tardy in acting or doing b : to linger in expectation : WAIT
2 : to abide or stay in or at a place
n. : STAY, SOJOURN
29. DESPAIR::
(A) optimize
(B) exult
绝望
乐观;最优化,充分利用
狂喜
[词义]
optimize v. 使完善; 最优化
: to make as perfect, effective, or functional as possible
exult v. 欢腾, 喜悦
1 obsolete : to leap for joy
2 : to be extremely joyful : REJOICE *the team exulted in their victory*
[分析]
despair是"lose all hope or confidence"。optimal是乐观的，但在MW中optimize并没有乐观的含义。Exult只表示愉快的状态。因为此题不完整，很难判断是否答案有误或ETS的考虑欠妥。
30. AGGRANDIZE::
(A) denigrate
增大, 扩张
诽谤
[词义]
aggrandize v. v.增大, 扩张
1 : to make great or greater : INCREASE, ENLARGE *aggrandize an estate*
2 : to make appear great or greater : praise highly
3 : to enhance the power, wealth, position, or reputation of *exploited the situation to aggrandize himself*
denigrate v. 污蔑, 诽谤
1 : to attack the reputation of : DEFAME *denigrate one's opponents*
2 : to deny the importance or validity of : BELITTLE *denigrate their achievements*
[分析]
考查aggrandize的第二义。
31. VEXATIOUS::
(A) soothing
令人烦恼的
抚慰的
[词义]
vexatious adj. 烦恼的
1 a : causing vexation : DISTRESSING *vexatious delays* b : intended to harass *a vexatious lawsuit*
2 : full of disorder or stress : TROUBLED *a vexatious period in her life*
soothe v. 抚慰;减轻
transitive verb
1 : to please by or as if by attention or concern : PLACATE
2 : RELIEVE, ALLEVIATE *soothe a cough*
3 : to bring comfort, solace, or reassurance to *music soothes the soul*
intransitive verb : to bring peace, composure, or quietude
32. RUMINATE::
(A) think briefly
反刍;沉思
简短的思考
[词义]
ruminate v. 反刍, 深思
transitive verb
1 : to go over in the mind repeatedly and often casually or slowly
2 : to chew repeatedly for an extended period
intransitive verb
1 : to chew again what has been chewed slightly and swallowed : chew the cud
2 : to engage in contemplation : REFLECT
synonyms see PONDER
33. BELLICOSE::
(A) appease
好斗的
缓和;平息
34. GOAD::
(A) entice
(B) predisposed
刺激,激励v.
怂恿,引诱
预先倾向的;易受影响的
[词义]
goad n. 赶牛棒; v. n. 刺激, 激励
n.
1 a : something that pains as if by pricking : THORN b : something that urges or stimulates into action : SPUR
2 : a pointed rod used to urge on an animal
synonyms see MOTIVE
v.
1 : to incite or rouse as if with a goad
2 : to drive (as cattle) with a goad
entice v. 怂恿,引诱
: to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing hope or desire : TEMPT
synonyms see LURE
predispose v. 倾向; 易于
transitive verb
1 : to dispose in advance *a good teacher predisposes children to learn*
2 : to make susceptible *malnutrition predisposes one to disease*
intransitive verb : to bring about susceptibility
synonyms see INCLINE
[分析]
goad是驱赶别人，而predispose是自身的倾向。
35. CALUMNY::
(A) approbation
诽谤
认可;赞许
[词义]
calumny n. 诽谤, 中伤
1 : a misrepresentation intended to harm another's reputation
2 : the act of uttering false charges or misrepresentations maliciously calculated to harm another's reputation
approbation n. 证实; 认可; 赞许
1 obsolete : PROOF
2 a : an act of approving formally or officially b : COMMENDATION, PRAISE
36. CHICANERY::
(A) ingenuous
(B) genuine
诡计,狡诈
坦白的;直率的
真诚的
[分析]
chicanery n. 诡计, 狡诈
1 : deception by artful subterfuge or sophistry : TRICKERY
2 : a piece of sharp practice (as at law) : TRICK
ingenuous adj. 纯朴的, 单纯的
1 obsolete : NOBLE, HONORABLE
2a : showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness *heringenuous thirst for experience — Christopher Rawson* b : lackingcraft or subtlety *ingenuous in their brutality*
synonyms see NATURAL
genuine adj. 真的; 真诚的
1a : actually having the reputed or apparent qualities orcharacter *genuine vintage wines* b : actually produced by orproceeding from the alleged source or author *the signature isgenuine* c : sincerely and honestly felt or experienced *a deep andgenuine love* d : ACTUAL, TRUE *a genuine improvement*
2 : free from hypocrisy or pretense : SINCERE
synonyms see AUTHENTIC
[分析]
两个选项都很接近题目的反义。chicanery表示为欺骗行为，ingenuous是缺乏手段和精明，而genuine是情感上的真诚，但没有行为上的明确定义。
37. ALIGNED::
(A) awry
(B) curved
(C) patchy
排列的
歪斜的
弯曲的
补丁的;不调和的
[词义]
align v. 将某物排列在一条直线上; 与某人结盟
transitive verb
1 : to bring into line or alignment
2 : to array on the side of or against a party or cause *he aligned himself with the protesters*
intransitive verb
1 : to get or fall into line
2 : to be in or come into precise adjustment or correct relative position
awry adj. 扭曲的, 走样的
1 : in a turned or twisted position or direction : ASKEW
2 : off the correct or expected course : AMISS
patchy adj. 补丁的; 不一致的, 斑驳的
1 : marked by, consisting of, or diversified with patches
2 : irregular in appearance, makeup, or quality
[词义]
align的第二义是"处于正确位置"，awry有偏离正确路线的含义。
aligned <> warped <> irregular <> askew <> awry <> improperly adjusted
38. SARDONIC::
(A) respectful
讽刺的
尊敬的
[词义]
sardonic adj. 嘲笑的
: disdainfully or skeptically humorous : derisively mocking *a sardonic comment* *his sardonic expression*
synonyms see SARCASTIC
