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语法
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( `9 e8 @; Y5 V很一般.................* O6 E7 ]* ]0 E0 c" i* u! e; v4 k) j
（九）发明史, q$ R5 Q' ]7 O+ Y2 u
But too often, it seems to me we apply the term invention only to the big and important items like car or telephone. After all, we can hardly imagine surviving without them. We don not stop think there are literally hundreds of inventions but make our lives little easier, little more convenient. That is take something as common as paper back(bag) on my desk here. Yes, I have got my lunch in it. Well, I never open my launch bag without thinking of Charles who in 1883 invented the first machine to produce bags like this. You see, before bag stell, pasted together by hand, and it did not have flat bottoms, so it can not stand on their own. And you could not folden(fold them) very well either, Steel will changed with what really a marvelous piece of engineering. Think about it, look at how efficiently these bags are designed, I can open it with flick of my wrest. But I can also fold this bag back flat as a piece of paper. And I can store hundreds of bags under my desk.. What is more, it is strong, I can also put this heavy dictionary in it and more brake(and it wont break). But it is cheap to produce, really, it is a mass piece(masterpiece) of practical engineering, stored billions of every year. Well, nobody remember Steelwell nowadays, but his little invention has certainly proved useful. IF any of you can produce anything help or useful, you have really done something.0 Y# x, M, b# z$ i) K
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（十三）历史! W) H) l% R2 ]+ e) i$ I
There is nothing you can do to restate(escape) history, perhaps you do not realize it, but you are always surrounded by the things connected you to the past, take for an example something as simple as bobby pin that people sometimes wear in their hair, it goes back 10000 years. Ancient graves in Asia contain hairpin made of bone and iron, silver and gold. In function, they are a little different from we use today, is set to prefer hairpins of ivory that was decorated with jewels. Roman hairpins were sometimes hollow inside making them better to carry poison in. Now the modern bobby pin own its name and shape to 17th" A% `+ g4 F6 c% Y. Y1 a F# x/ T
French
8 T/ W$ c# p6 l' p% ccourt where wigs were in fashion. They made wearing a wig little easier if they will used to pin person’s real hair very close to the head that called bobbed hair. The U shaped pin that facilitated these was called a bobbing with pin which became bobby pin in England in 18th. Then in 19th it is still in use today, that made a steel wire became a mass produce
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